Examples of medullary pyramid in the following topics:
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- This last part of the nephron connects with and empties its filtrate into collecting ducts that line the medullary pyramids.
- As urine travels down the collecting duct system, it passes by the medullary interstitium, which has a high sodium concentration as a result of the loop of Henle's countercurrent multiplier system.
- Urine leaves the medullary collecting ducts through the renal papillae, emptying into the renal calyces, the renal pelvis, and finally into the bladder via the ureter.
- The glomerulus and convoluted tubules of the nephron are located in the cortex of the kidney, while the collecting ducts are located in the pyramids of the kidney's medulla.
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- The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the medulla oblongata in the preolivary sulcus where it separates the olive (olivary body)
and the pyramid (medullary pyramid).
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- It consists of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal system.
- The motor impulses originate in the giant pyramidal cells (Betz cells) of the motor area, i.e., the precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex.
- Cortical upper motor neurons originate from Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, then descend into the posterior limb of the internal capsule, through the crus cerebri, down through the pons, and to the medullary pyramids, where about 90% of the axons cross to the contralateral side at the decussation of the pyramids.
- Included in the diagram are the following motor pathways: corticospinal tracts (pyramidal tract), and extrapyramidal tracts (tectospinal tract not delineated).
- The pyramidal tract is visible in red, and pyramidal decussation is labeled at lower right.
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- The arcuate, "bow shaped" arteries form arcs along the base of the medullary pyramids.
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- Upon leaving the medulla between the medullary pyramid and the inferior cerebellar peduncle, it extends through the jugular foramen, then passes into the carotid sheath between the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein below the head, to the neck, chest and abdomen, where it contributes to the innervation of the viscera.
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- A stroke can injure the pyramidal
tract, medial lemniscus, and the hypoglossal nucleus.
- This causes a syndrome
called medial medullary syndrome, a
type of alternating hemiplegia characterized by recurrent episodes of paralysis
on one side of the body.
- The region between the anterior median and anterolateral sulci is occupied by an elevation on either side known as the pyramid of medulla oblongata.
- This is known as the decussation of the pyramids.
- Other fibers that originate from the anterior median fissure above the decussation of the pyramids and run laterally across the surface of the pons are known as the external arcuate fibers.
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- Ecological pyramids can also be called trophic pyramids or energy pyramids.
- Pyramids of numbers can be either upright or inverted, depending on the ecosystem.
- Another way to visualize ecosystem structure is with pyramids of biomass.
- Using the Silver Springs ecosystem example, this data exhibits an upright biomass pyramid, whereas the pyramid from the English Channel example is inverted .
- As with inverted pyramids of numbers, the inverted biomass pyramid is not due to a lack of productivity from the primary producers, but results from the high turnover rate of the phytoplankton.
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- These tombs were built in the form of great pyramids, and for this reason, the Old Kingdom is frequently referred to as the "Age of the Pyramids."
- In the following dynasties, the pyramid design changed from the "step" pyramid to a true pyramid shape as kings continued to build tombs for their kings.
- The Necropolis includes three pyramid complexes: the Great Pyramid (built by King Khufu of the 4th Dynasty); the somewhat smaller Pyramid of Khafre (buit by Khufu's son); and the relatively modest-sized Pyramid of Menkaure.
- This view shows all three pyramid structures: the Great Pyramid, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure.
- Djoser's step pyramid was the first of the great pyramids built during the Old Kingdom in Eqypt.
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- It includes the habenula and their interconnecting fibers (the habenular commissure), the stria medullaris, and the pineal gland.
- The stria medullaris, also known as stria medullaris thalami, is a fiber bundle containing afferent fibers from the septal nuclei, lateral preoptic hypothalamic region, and anterior thalamic nuclei to the habenula.
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- Thus, the period of the Old Kingdom is often called "The Age of the Pyramids."
- Using a greater mass of stones than any other king, he built three pyramids: Meidum, the Bent Pyramid, and the Red Pyramid.
- After Khufu's death, one of his sons built the second pyramid, and the Sphinx in Giza.
- This lessened efforts to build pyramids.
- The Great Pyramid of Giza was built c. 2560 BCE, by Khufu during the Fourth Dynasty.