mai
(noun)
A term that in the history of the Kanem-Bornu Empire was used to roughly refer to a king.
Examples of mai in the following topics:
-
Electronic Effects
- Electron deficient species, which may or may not be positively charged, are attracted to electron rich species, which may or may not be negatively charged.
-
Summary
- A graph may represent a single type of relations among the actors (simplex), or more than one kind of relation (multiplex).
- Each tie or relation may be directed (i.e. originates with a source actor and reaches a target actor), or it may be a tie that represents co-occurrence, co-presence, or a bonded-tie between the pair of actors.
- Directed ties may be reciprocated (A chooses B and B chooses A); such ties can be represented with a double-headed arrow.
- The strength of ties among actors in a graph may be nominal or binary (represents presence or absence of a tie); signed (represents a negative tie, a positive tie, or no tie); ordinal (represents whether the tie is the strongest, next strongest, etc.); or valued (measured on an interval or ratio level).
- In speaking the position of one actor or node in a graph to other actors or nodes in a graph, we may refer to the focal actor as "ego" and the other actors as "alters
-
Policy Evaluation
- Policies may be evaluated according to a number of standards.
- They may be informally evaluated according to uncritical analysis, such as anecdotes and stories.
- In spite of the many ways policies may be evaluated, they are often not evaluated at all.
- Policies may also contain multiple objectives that may not be compatible.
- One person may deem the policy successful for accomplishing some of the objectives, while another may deem the policy unsuccessful for not accomplishing all of the objectives.
-
Social Control
- In extreme cases sanctions may include social discrimination and exclusion.
- Some may consider this type of socialization a form of indoctrination.
- Social control may be enforced using informal sanctions, which may include shame, ridicule, sarcasm, criticism and disapproval.
- In extreme cases sanctions may include social discrimination and exclusion.
- Social control may also be enforced using formal sanctions.
-
Introduction to Criteria for Evaluation
- In some societies, the solution to the problem of food acquisition may be hunting.
- Religion and other social institutions may develop to support these solutions.
- In many cases, traditional solutions may be very effective.
- When natural or built environments change society may still cling to the traditional solutions in the face of declining success.
- The ranking of ends and means by tradition may lag behind the changes in knowledge, technology and environmental circumstance.
-
Objective, constraints and alternatives
- These include profits, utility, sales, market share, income, growth,...With in a firm different individuals may have different objectives.
- The CEO may want to maximize profits while the Vice president of engineering may want to minimize the cost per unit and the person in charge of marketing may want to maximize the growth in sales or market share.
- The objectives may not be consistent so some sort or hierarchical or bureaucratic process must resolve the inconsistency.
- Constraints may be technology, quantity of factors of production, quality of factors, profits, utility, sales, market share, income, growth, social institutions, values, law or a myriad of other possibilities.
- For instance, a firm may try to maximize market share (objective) subject to the constraint that they earn a 12% return on capital investment.
-
Reaction Rates and Kinetics
- Useful information about reaction mechanisms may be obtained by studying the manner in which the rate of a reaction changes as the concentrations of the reactant and reagents are varied.This field of study is called kinetics.
- Nevertheless, evidence for their existence may be obtained by other means, including spectroscopic observation or inference from kinetic results.
- Electron deficient species or groups, which may or may not be positively charged, are attracted to electron rich species or groups, which may or may not be negatively charged.
- Steric hindrance may influence conformational equilibria, as well as destabilizing transition states of reactions.
- The solvent selected for a given reaction may exert a strong influence on its course.
-
Signs and Symptoms of Shock
- Specific subtypes of shock may have additional symptoms.
- Additional symptoms may include arrhythmia of the heart beat and visibly distended jugular veins.
- With septic shock, fever may occur and the skin may be warm and sweaty.
- With anaphylaxis, hives may present on the skin, and there may localized edema, especially around the face, and weak and rapid pulse.
- Breathlessness and cough due to narrowed airways and swelling of the throat may also occur.
-
Non-normal point estimates
- We may apply the ideas of confidence intervals and hypothesis testing to cases where the point estimate or test statistic is not necessarily normal.
- There are many reasons why such a situation may arise:
-
Polls Versus Votes
- For certain kinds of votes, it may be useful to expand the electorate.
- These are really polls rather than votes, but the developers may choose to treat the result as binding.
- As with any poll, be sure to make it clear to the participants that there's a write-in option: if someone thinks of a better option not offered in the poll questions, her response may turn out to be the most important result of the poll.