legislative bodies

Examples of legislative bodies in the following topics:

• Direct Lobbying

  • Direct lobbying is used to influence legislative bodies directly via communication with members of the legislative body.
  • Direct lobbying refers to methods used by lobbyists to influence legislative bodies through direct communication with members of the legislative body, or with a government official who participates in formulating legislation .
  • During the direct lobbying process, the lobbyist introduces to the legislator information that may supply favors, may otherwise be missed or makes political threats.
  • In this case, the public is considered to be the legislator.

• Direct Techniques

  • Lobbyists employ direct lobbying in the United States to influence United States legislative bodies through direct interaction with legislators.
  • Direct lobbying in the United States consists of methods used by lobbyists to influence the United States legislative bodies .
  • Direct lobbying is done either through direct communication with members or employees of the legislative body, or with a government official who participates in formulating legislation.
  • During the direct lobbying process, the lobbyist introduces statistics that will inform the legislator of any recent information that might otherwise be missed, and may make political threats or promises, and/or grant favors.

• Electoral Districts

  • An electoral district is a territorial subdivision whose members (constituents) elect one or more representatives to a legislative body.
  • An electoral district is a distinct territorial subdivision for holding an election for one or more seats in a legislative body.
  • An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of election procedures.
  • In federations there may be a separate body for each subnational government.
  • District magnitude is the number of representatives elected from a given district to the same legislative body.

• Types of Elections

  • In a parliamentary system, a general election is an election in which all or most members of a given political body are chosen .
  • The term is usually used to refer to elections held for a nation's primary legislative body, as distinguished from by-elections and local elections.
  • A referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal, usually a piece of legislation which has been passed into law by the local legislative body and signed by the pertinent executive official(s) .

• Lobbyists and Special Interest Groups

  • Lobbying describes paid activity in which special interest groups argue for specific legislation in decision-making bodies.
  • According to critics, lobbying can lead to poor policymaking because legislators do not consider policies based on their merits but instead based on their political repercussions.
  • Lobbying in the United States describes paid activity in which special interests hire well-connected professional advocates, often lawyers, to argue for specific legislation in decision-making bodies such as the United States Congress.
  • Lobbyists can also be one type of government official, such as a governor of a state, who presses officials in Washington for specific legislation.
  • Pro bono clients offer activities like fundraisers and awards ceremonies on neutral territory to meet and socialize with local legislators.

• The Virginia and New Jersey Plans

  • The Virginia Plan proposed a bicameral legislature, a legislative branch with two chambers.
  • The people would elect members for one of the two legislative chambers.
  • The legislative branch would then choose the executive branch.
  • An unspecified legislative majority could override their veto.
  • The less populous states were adamantly opposed to giving most of the control of the national government to the more populous states, and so proposed an alternative plan that would have kept the one-vote-per-state representation under one legislative body from the Articles of Confederation.

• The Virginia and New Jersey Plans

  • The less populous states were adamantly opposed to giving most of the control of the national government to the more populous states and so proposed an alternative plan that would have kept the one-vote-per-state representation from the Articles of Confederation under one legislative body.
  • The resolutions proposed, for example, three new federal branches (legislative, executive and judicial).
  • The Virginia Plan proposed a legislative branch consisting of two chambers (bicameral legislature).
  • In addition to dealing with legislative representation, the Virginia Plan called for a national government of three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.
  • The executive would be chosen by the legislative branch.

• Separation of Powers

  • Bodies such as the War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and the Federal Trade Commission all have direct Congressional oversight.
  • Congress has the sole power to legislate in the United States.
  • While Chief Justice John Marshall conceded that the determination of rules of procedure was a legislative function, he distinguished between "important" subjects and mere details .
  • Bodies such as the War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and the Federal Trade Commission all have direct Congressional oversight.
  • The Parliamentary system can be contrasted with a presidential system which operates under a stricter separation of powers, whereby the executive does not form part of, nor is appointed by, the parliamentary or legislative body.

• The Committee System

  • A congressional committee is a legislative sub-organization in Congress that handles a specific duty.
  • A congressional committee is a legislative sub-organization in the U.S.
  • Committees monitor on-going governmental operations, identify issues suitable for legislative review, gather and evaluate information and recommend courses of action to their parent body.
  • With the growing responsibilities of the Senate, the committees gradually grew to be the key policy-making bodies of the Senate, instead of merely technical aids to the chamber.
  • The House relied primarily on the Committee of the Whole to handle the bulk of legislative issues.

• Introduction to Taxes and Legislation

  • For example, a chemical that sells for $20 per kilo may be subject to minimal taxes to encourage sales on an industrial scale, but what is the chemical's true cost when it makes its way into water, food supplies and human bodies?