lateral undulation

Examples of lateral undulation in the following topics:

• Modern Amphibians

  • They move by bending their bodies from side to side, called lateral undulation, in a fish-like manner while "walking" their arms and legs back and forth.
  • Tadpoles usually have gills, a lateral line system, long-finned tails, and lack limbs.
  • During this stage, the gills, tail, and lateral line system disappear, and four limbs develop.

• Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

  • In the gastrointestinal system, an example of an afferent subsystem would be the neurons that detect levels of stomach acid, while an efferent subsystem would be the motor neurons that control the undulation of the intestines.
  • The later gives a rich supply to the Sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus, and are important in controlling defecation.

• Art Nouveau

  • Such decorative "whiplash" motifs, formed by dynamic, undulating, and flowing lines in a syncopated rhythm, are found throughout the architecture, painting, sculpture, and other forms of Art Nouveau design.
  • Some line and curve patterns became graphic clichés that were later found in works of artists from many parts of the world.

• Brucellosis (Undulant Fever)

  • Brucellosis, also called Bang's disease, Crimean fever, Gibraltar fever, Malta fever, Maltese fever, Mediterranean fever, rock fever, or undulant fever, is a highly-contagious zoonosis caused by ingestion of unsterilized milk or meat from infected animals or close contact with their secretions.
  • In the first stage of the disease, septicemia occurs and leads to the classic triad of undulant fevers, sweating (often with characteristic smell, likened to wet hay), and migratory arthralgia and myalgia.

• Architecture of the Aztecs

  • Mexican pyramids were typically expanded by building over prior ones, using the bulk of the former as a base for the latter, as later rulers sought to expand the temple to reflect the growing greatness of the city of Tenochtitlan.
  • At this time, the stairway to the shrine of Tlaloc was defined by a pair of undulating serpents, and in the middle of this shrine was a small altar defined by a pair of sculpted frogs.

• Minoan Painting

  • The lilies sway gracefully and the hills create an undulating rhythm around the room.
  • The same aesthetic is seen later, in Greek Geometric pottery.

• Cathedrals

  • The effect was a dynamic style of architecture in which the forms seem to take on a life of their own: moving, swaying, and undulating .

• Architecture of the Maya

  • At the spring and fall equinoxes, the setting sun casts an undulating, serpent-like shadow on the stairways forming bodies for the serpent heads carved at the base of the balustrades.

• Spanish Architecture in the Baroque Period

  • If one removed the intricate maze of broken pediments, undulating cornices, stucco shells, inverted tapers, and garlands from the rather plain wall it is set against, the building's form would not be affected in the slightest.

• Chewing Muscles

  • Mastication, or chewing, involves the adduction and lateral motions of the jaw bone.
  • Lateral Pterygoid - The lateral pterygoid muscle has a triangular shape with two head, superior and inferior.
  • Actions - Together, the lateral pterygoids protract the jaw, working independently to produce lateral movement.
  • It is located inferior to the lateral pterygoid.
  • Actions: Elevates the jaw and assists in the production of lateral movement.