Examples of lateral medullary syndrome in the following topics:
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- Lateral medullary syndrome, also called Wallenberg syndrome and posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome, is a disease that presents with a constellation of neurologic symptoms due to injury to the lateral part of the medulla in the brain, resulting in tissue ischemia and necrosis, typically from blood clot (stroke) impeding the vertebral artery and/or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery .
- This crossed finding is diagnostic for the syndrome.
- Treatment for lateral medullary syndrome involves focusing on relief of symptoms and active rehabilitation to help those suffering from the syndrome recover their activities of daily living and cope with neurologic loss that can be psychologically devastating.
- The outlook for someone with lateral medullary syndrome depends upon the size and location of the area of the brain stem damaged by the stroke.
- MRI image showing an acute infarct in the left dorsal lateral medulla.
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- Horner's syndrome may also occur during a migraine attack and resolve after the migraine.
- Treatment of Horner's syndrome requires that the underlying cause of the syndrome be identified.
- Horner's syndrome is more of a symptom than an actual, independent disease.
- The numbers indicate sites of possible lesions on the nerves that cause Horner's syndrome.
- This patient exhibits Horner's syndrome on the left side of face.
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- It includes the habenula and their interconnecting fibers (the habenular commissure), the stria medullaris, and the pineal gland.
- The stria medullaris, also known as stria medullaris thalami, is a fiber bundle containing afferent fibers from the septal nuclei, lateral preoptic hypothalamic region, and anterior thalamic nuclei to the habenula.
- The pineal gland lies
between the laterally positioned thalamic
bodies and behind the habenular commissure.
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- This causes a syndrome
called medial medullary syndrome, a
type of alternating hemiplegia characterized by recurrent episodes of paralysis
on one side of the body.
- Other fibers that originate from the anterior median fissure above the decussation of the pyramids and run laterally across the surface of the pons are known as the external arcuate fibers.
- These are the fasciculus gracilis, lying medially next to the midline, and the fasciculus cuneatus, lying laterally.
- The lower part of the medulla, immediately lateral to the fasciculus cuneatus, is marked by another longitudinal elevation known as the tuberculum cinereum.
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- Patellofemoral pain syndrome is discomfort originating from the contact of the posterior of the patella (kneecap) with the femur.
- Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a syndrome characterized by pain or discomfort seemingly originating from the contact of the posterior surface of the patella (back of the kneecap) with the femur (thigh bone).
- The result is thinning and softening of the articular cartilage under the patella and/or on the medial or lateral femoral condyles, synovial irritation and inflammation, and subchondral bony changes in the distal femur or patella known as "bone bruises".
- Secondary causes of PF Syndrome are fractures, internal knee derangement, osteoarthritis of the knee, and bony tumors in or around the knee.
- Patellofemoral pain syndrome may also result from overuse or overload of the PF joint.
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- Apical meristems are organized into four zones: (1) the central zone, (2) the peripheral zone, (3) the medullary meristem and (3) the medullary tissue .
- They are very small compared to the cylinder-shaped lateral meristems, and are composed of several layers, which varies according to plant type.
- Pictured here are the (1) central zone, (2) peripheral zone, (3) medullary meristem and (3) medullary tissue.
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- Among the common causes of intellectual disabilities are fetal alcohol syndrome and Down syndrome; other contributing factors include certain genetic disorders and exposures to environmental toxins.
- The average full-scale IQ of young adults with Down syndrome is around 50.
- Education and proper care have been shown to improve quality of life for individuals with Down Syndrome.
- Some individuals with Down syndrome graduate from high school and a few go on to post-secondary education.
- A child with an intellectual disability may learn to sit up, crawl, walk, and talk later than other children.
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- TMJ syndrome is a common disorder that spans both neurology and dentistry, which manifests as acute or chronic pain in the jaw area.
- Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD or TMJ) syndrome is an umbrella term covering acute or chronic pain primarily in the muscles of mastication, and/or inflammation of the temporomandibular joint, which connects the mandible to the skull.
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- Cortical upper motor neurons originate from Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, then descend into the posterior limb of the internal capsule, through the crus cerebri, down through the pons, and to the medullary pyramids, where about 90% of the axons cross to the contralateral side at the decussation of the pyramids.
- They then descend as the lateral corticospinal tract.
- The lateral tract contains upper motor neuronal axons that synapse on the dorsal lateral lower motor neurons, which are involved in distal limb control.
- These lower motor neurons, unlike those of the dorsal lateral, are located in the ventral horn throughout the spinal cord.
- A deep dissection, lateral view of a brainstem.
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- It circulates from the lateral ventricles to the foramen of Monro (interventricular foramen), third ventricle, aqueduct of Sylvius (cerebral aqueduct), fourth ventricle, foramen of Magendie (median aperture), foramen of Luschka (lateral apertures), and the subarachnoid space over the brain and the spinal cord.
- This diagram indicates the (1) posterior medullary velum (2) choroid plexus (3) cisterna cerebellomedullaris of subarachnoid cavity (4) central canal (5) corpora quadrigemina (6) cerebral peduncle (7) anterior medullary velum (8) ependymal lining of ventricle (9) cisterna pontis of subarachnoid cavity