Ka statue

Examples of Ka statue in the following topics:

• Sculpture of the Old Kingdom

  • By the Fourth Dynasty, the idea of the ka statue was firmly established.
  • Typically made of wood or stone, these statues were placed in tombs as a resting place for the ka, or spirit, of the person after death.
  • Some scholars believe that they were intended as the commoners' equivalent of ka statues, although the exact purpose remains a matter of debate.
  • These individualized busts might have been the commoners' equivalent of the ka statue, but the exact purpose remains unknown.
  • Discuss the role of ka statues and funerary art in the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt

• Ancient Egyptian Art

  • Large statues of deities (other than the pharaoh) were not common, although deities were often shown in paintings and reliefs.
  • Ka statues, which were meant to provide a resting place for the ka part of the soul, were present in tombs as of Dynasty IV (2680-2565 BCE).
  • It includes the 79-foot high First Pylon, friezes, statues, and columns.
  • The ka statue was placed in the tomb to provide a physical place for the ka to manifest.
  • This statue is found at the Egyptian Museum of Cairo.

• Painting of the Early Dynastic Period

  • Other conventions make statues of males darker than females.
  • By Dynasty IV (2680–2565 BCE) at the latest, the idea of the Ka statue was firmly established.
  • These were put in tombs as a resting place for the ka portion of the soul.
  • Very strict conventions were followed while crafting statues and specific rules governed appearance of every Egyptian god.
  • These conventions were intended to convey the timeless and non-aging quality of the figure's ka.

• Acid Dissociation Constant (Ka)

  • The Ka expression is as follows:
  • The logarithmic constant (pKa) is equal to -log10(Ka).
  • The larger the value of pKa, the smaller the extent of dissociation.
  • Acids with a pKa value of less than about -2 are said to be strong acids.
  • What is the pKa for acetic acid?

• Weak Acids

  • Weak acids have very small values for Ka (and therefore higher values for pKa) compared to strong acids, which have very large Ka values (and slightly negative pKa values).
  • The Ka of weak acids varies between 1.8×10−16 and 55.5.
  • The first Ka refers to the first dissociation step:
  • This Ka value is 4.46×10−7 (pKa1 = 6.351).
  • The Ka of acetic acid is $1.8\times 10^{-5}$.

• The Acid Dissociation Constant

  • Ka is a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution.
  • The logarithmic constant, pKa, which is equal to −log10 (Ka), is sometimes incorrectly referred to as an acid dissociation constant as well.
  • Smaller Ka values yield larger pKa values.
  • An understanding of Ka is also essential for working with buffers; the design of these solutions depends on a knowledge of the pKa values of their components.
  • Another important application of Ka is with pH indicators.

• Strong Acids

  • More precisely, the acid must be stronger in aqueous solution than a hydronium ion (H+), so strong acids have a pKa < -1.74.
  • An example is hydrochloric acid (HCl), whose pKa is -6.3.
  • p-Toluenesulfonic acid is an example of an organic soluble strong acid, with a pKa of -2.8.

• The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

  • The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation connects the measurable value of the pH of a solution with the theoretical value pKa.
  • The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation mathematically connects the measurable pH of a solution with the pKa (which is equal to -log Ka) of the acid.
  • The equation can be derived from the formula of pKa for a weak acid or buffer.
  • With a given pH and known pKa, the solution of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation gives the logarithm of a ratio which can be solved by performing the antilogarithm of pH/pK­a:
  • What is the pH of a buffer solution consisting of 0.0350 M NH3 and 0.0500 M NH4+ (Ka for NH4+ is 5.6 x 10-10)?

• Calculating Percent Dissociation

  • Percent dissociation represents an acid's strength and can be calculated using the Ka value and the solution's pH.
  • We have already discussed quantifying the strength of a weak acid by relating it to its acid equilibrium constant Ka; now we will do so in terms of the acid's percent dissociation.
  • Calculate the percent dissociation of a weak acid in a $0.060\;M$ solution of HA ($K_a=1.5\times 10^{-5}$).
  • Calculate percent dissociation for weak acids from their Ka values and a given concentration.

• Ancient Egyptian Religion

  • They believed humans possessed ka, or life-force, which left the body at death.
  • To endure after death, the ka must continue to receive offerings of food; it could consume the spiritual essence of it.
  • Funeral rites were meant to release the ba so it could move, rejoin with the ka, and live on as an akh.
  • If so, the ka and ba were united into an akh, which then either traveled to the lush underworld, or traveled with Ra on his daily journey, or even returned to the world of the living to carry out magic.
  • Certain gods gained a primary status over time, and then fell as other gods overtook them.