jugular venous pressure

(noun)

The indirectly-observed pressure over the venous system via visualization of the internal jugular vein.

Related Terms

Examples of jugular venous pressure in the following topics:

  • Venous Blood Pressure

    • Venous pressure is the vascular pressure in a vein or the atria of the heart, and is much lower than arterial pressure.
    • Venous pressure is the vascular pressure in a vein or the atria of the heart.
    • Variants of venous pressure include:
    • Jugular venous pressure (JVP), the indirectly observed pressure over the venous system.
    • Portal venous pressure or the blood pressure in the portal vein.

  • Pulmonary Edema

    • The chronic development of pulmonary edema may be associated with symptoms and signs of "fluid overload," this is a non specific term to describe the manifestations of left ventricular failure on the rest of the body and includes peripheral edema (swelling of the legs, in general, of the "pitting" variety, wherein the skin is slow to return to normal when pressed upon), raised jugular venous pressure and hepatomegaly, where the liver is enlarged and may be tender or even pulsatile.
    • In the case of cardiogenic pulmonary edema, urgent echocardiography may strengthen the diagnosis by demonstrating impaired left ventricular function, high central venous pressures, and high pulmonary artery pressures.

  • Veins of the Head and Neck

    • Two main jugular veins are responsible for the venous draining of the head and neck.
    • The external jugular vein passes down the neck and underneath the clavicle before draining into the subclavian vein.
    • The deep-lying internal jugular vein receives blood from the dural venous sinuses in the brain as well as the cerebral and cerebellar veins.
    • As well as removing blood from the brain, the anterior retromandibular, facial, and lingual veins also drain into the internal jugular.
    • Upon exiting the neck, the internal jugular vein merges with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.

  • Great Vessels of the Heart

    • The right and left subclavian veins, jugular veins, and thyroid veins feed into the superior vena cava.
    • The aorta is a highly elastic artery and is able to dilate and constrict in response to blood pressure and volume.
    • Blood pressure is highest in the aorta and diminishes through circulation, reaching its lowest points at the end of venous circulation.
    • The difference in pressure between the aorta and right atrium accounts for blood flow in the circulation, as blood flows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
    • The aortic arch contains peripheral baroreceptors (pressure sensors) and chemoreceptors (chemical sensors) that relay information concerning blood pressure, blood pH, and carbon dioxide levels to the medulla oblongata of the brain.

  • Artery Function

    • Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart under pressure.
    • Arterial pressure varies between the peak pressure during heart contraction, called the systolic pressure, and the minimum or diastolic pressure between contractions, when the heart expands and refills.
    • This pressure variation within the artery produces the observable pulse that reflects heart activity.
    • The pressure in the arterial system decreases steadily, highest in the aorta and lowest in the venous system, as blood approaches the heart after delivery of oxygen to tissues in the systemic circulation.
    • Distinguish the function of the arterial system from that of venous system

  • Lymph Trunks and Ducts

    • Jugular lymph trunks, located in the neck, drain lymph fluid from the cervical lymph nodes of the neck.
    • The right lymphatic duct receives lymph from the right and upper halves of the body, including the right sides of the jugular, bronchomediastinal, and subclavian lymph trunks.
    • The thoracic duct drains into to the left subclavian vein while the right duct drains into the right subclavian vein, both at the junction between the respective vein and the jugular vein.
    • These function similarly to other lymphatic valves and prevent venous blood from flowing into the lymph duct.

  • Introduction to Blood Pressure

    • Blood pressure is the pressure that blood exerts on the wall of the blood vessels.
    • Systolic pressure is thus the pressure that your heart emits when blood is forced out of the heart and diastolic pressure is the pressure exerted when the heart is relaxed.
    • During each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between a maximum (systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure.
    • A normal blood pressure should be around 120/80, with the systolic pressure expressed first.
    • Gravity affects blood pressure via hydrostatic forces (for example, during standing) Valves in veins, breathing, and pumping from contraction of skeletal muscles also influence venous blood pressure.

  • Inferences of Correlation and Regression

    • Numbers of patients classified by site of central venous cannula and infectious complication.
    • This table shows the proportions of patients in the sample with cannulae sited at the internal jugular, subclavian and femoral veins.
    • Using the above formula to find the adjusted standardized residual for those with cannulae sited at the internal jugular and no infectious complications yields: $\frac{686-714.5}{\sqrt{714.5\left ( 1-\frac{934}{1706} \right )(1-\frac{1305}{1706})}}=-3.3$.

  • Pressure in the Body

    • One such critical bodily system which relies on pressure for functionality is the circulatory system, which is an example of a closed fluid system under pressure.
    • The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average pressure over a cardiac cycle and is determined by , where CO is the cardiac outputs, SVR is the systemic vascular resistance, and CVP is the central venous pressure (CVP).
    • In practice, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) can be approximated from easily obtainable blood pressure measurements in , where Psys is the measured systolic pressure and Pdias is the measured diastolic pressure.
    • The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average pressure over a cardiac cycle and is determined this equation, where CO is the cardiac outputs, SVR is the systemic vascular resistance, and CVP is the central venous pressure (CVP).
    • In practice, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) can be approximated from easily obtainable blood pressure measurements.

  • Arterial Blood Pressure

    • The measurement of blood pressure without further specification usually refers to systemic arterial pressure measured at the upper arm.
    • The measurement of blood pressure without further specification usually refers to the systemic arterial pressure, defined as the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels.
    • Pressure is typically measured with a blood pressure cuff (sphygmomanometer) wrapped around a person's upper arm, which measures the pressure in the brachial artery.
    • A person's blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure over diastolic pressure and is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), for example 140/90.
    • In the past, most attention was paid to diastolic pressure, but now we know that both high systolic pressure and high pulse pressure (the numerical difference between systolic and diastolic pressures) are also risk factors for disease.