intrinsic aging

Examples of intrinsic aging in the following topics:

• Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System

  • The integumentary system undergoes intrinsic and extrinsic cutaneous aging, primarily involving the dermis.
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic aging are terms used to describe cutaneous aging of the skin and other parts of the integumentary system.
  • The effects of intrinsic aging are caused solely by internal factors.
  • Sometimes called chronological aging, intrinsic aging is an inherent degenerative process due to declining physiologic functions and capacities.
  • Wrinkles form due to intrinsic (loss of collagen) and extrinsic (photodamage) aging.

• Aging and the Immune System

  • As aging occurs, the immune system begins to lose its ability to ward off pathogens.
  • Immunosenescence refers to the gradual deterioration of the immune system brought on by natural age advancement.
  • This age-associated immune deficiency is found in both long- and short-living species as a function of age relative to life expectancy.
  • There is a notable decline in the total number of phagocytes in older adults, coupled with an intrinsic reduction of their bactericidal activity.
  • The functional capacity of T-cells is most influenced by the effects of aging.

• How to Motivate Students

  • Generally, motivation is conceptualized as either intrinsic or extrinsic.
  • Students with intrinsic motivation are more likely to be excited about completing their assignments for the challenge rater than for any type of incentive.
  • Making abstract material more concrete and contextualized increases the intrinsic motivation of younger students.
  • Even though intrinsic strategies are most often recommended, teachers should keep in mind that they should build upon both types of motivation in order to achieve the most success.
  • A child's desire to learn seems to decrease with age.

• Incentive Theory of Motivation and Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation

  • In addition to biological motives, motivations can be either intrinsic (arising from internal factors) or extrinsic (arising from external factors).
  • A classic research study of intrinsic motivation illustrates this problem clearly.
  • The extrinsic reward of payment, it seemed, interfered with the intrinsic reward of the activity itself.
  • Other studies suggest that intrinsic motivation may not be so vulnerable to the effects of extrinsic reinforcements, and in fact, reinforcements such as verbal praise might actually increase intrinsic motivation (Arnold, 1976; Cameron & Pierce, 1994).
  • Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic incentives as related to theories of motivation

• Trends in Organizational Diversity

  • This perspective still promotes the active seeking out of diversity in the workplace, but does so primarily based on the intrinsic value of employees with different backgrounds and skill sets.
  • The social-justice trend also meant a shift from a more limited viewpoint of what constituted a "minority" towards a more comprehensive one that places age, physical ability, and sexual orientation alongside traditional categories of race and gender.

• Defining Motivation

  • Motivation can be intrinsic (arising from internal factors) or extrinsic (arising from external factors).
  • You are intrinsically motivated to cook.
  • Sometimes, intrinsic motivation can diminish when extrinsic motivation is given—a process known as the overjustification effect.
  • This can lead to extinguishing the intrinsic motivation and creating a dependence on extrinsic rewards for continued performance.
  • Define motivation in terms of drives, motives, and intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivators

• Capacity of Different Tissues for Repair

  • The peripheral nervous system (PNS) has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration.
  • The axons themselves also lose the potential for growth with age.
  • The remodeling phase takes three to five years depending on factors such as age or general condition.

• Theories of Life History

  • The first variable is K (the carrying capacity of a population; density dependent), and the second variable is r (the intrinsic rate of natural increase in population size, density independent).
  • Furthermore, the theory ignored the age-specific mortality of the populations which scientists now know is very important.
  • New demographic-based models of life history evolution have been developed which incorporate many ecological concepts included in r- and K-selection theory, as well as population age structure and mortality factors.

• Additional Resources

  • How Piaget helped people accept the idea that children's cognitive behavior is intrinsically rather than extrinsically motivated
  • The authors argue that recent research suggests that children of different ages employ either unidimensional and/or multidimensional reasoning therefore identifying the essential components of a child's reasoning at a particular age may not be possible.

• Behavior Modification

  • Identification and use of appropriate reinforcers (intrinsic and extrinsic rewards).
  • A student receives an intrinsic reinforcer by correctly answering in the presence of peers, thus increasing self-esteem and confidence.
  • These include changing the environment, using models for learning new behavior, recording behavior, substituting new behavior to break bad habits, developing positive expectations, and increasing intrinsic satisfaction.