intelligence

Examples of intelligence in the following topics:

• Defining Intelligence

  • Over the last century or so, intelligence has been defined in many different ways.
  • The current American Psychological Association definition of intelligence involves a three-level hierarchy of intelligence factors, with g at its apex.
  • Cattell proposed two types of intelligence rather than a single general intelligence.
  • In 1983, Howard Gardner published a book on multiple intelligence that breaks intelligence down into at least eight different modalities: logical, linguistic, spatial, musical, kinesthetic, naturalist, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligences.
  • A few years later, Robert Sternberg proposed the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, which proposes three fundamental types of cognitive ability: analytic intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence.

• What is Multiple Intelligences Theory?

  • Originally, the theory accounted for seven separate intelligences.
  • Subsequently, with the publishing of Gardner's Intelligence Reframed in 1999, two more intelligences were added to the list.
  • Gardner's theory challenges traditional, narrower views of intelligence.
  • Originally, the theory accounted for seven separate intelligences.
  • Subsequently, with the publishing of Gardner's Intelligence Reframed in 1999, two more intelligences were added to the list.

• The Eight Intelligences

  • Everyone is thought to possess this intelligence at some level.
  • Traditionally, Linguistic intelligence and Logical/Mathematical intelligence have been highly valued in education and learning environments.
  • This is the kind of intelligence studied and documented by Piaget.
  • It is an internalized version of Interpersonal Intelligence.
  • An individual should tap into their other intelligences to completely express their Intrapersonal Intelligence.

• Controversies in Intelligence and Standardized Testing

  • Intelligence tests and standardized tests face criticism for their uses and applications in society.
  • Intelligence tests (such as IQ tests) have always been controversial; critics claim that they measure factors other than intelligence.
  • Psychometricians have sought to make intelligence tests more culture fair and valid over the years, and to make sure that they measure g, or the "general intelligence factor" thought to underly all intelligence.
  • Again, even if intelligence scores correlate with job success, this does not mean that people with high intelligence will always be successful at work.
  • They concluded that the SAT is primarily a test of g or general intelligence.

• Theories of Multiple Intelligence

  • Theories of multiple intelligence contend that intelligence cannot be measured by a single factor.
  • Today, the most widely accepted theory of intelligence is the "three stratum theory," which recognizes that there are three different levels of intelligence, all governed by the top level, g, or general intelligence factor.
  • Gardner identified eight specific intelligences and two additional tentative ones:
  • In 1986, Robert Sternberg proposed a Triarchic Theory of intelligence.
  • If a savant such as Peek was measured by Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, he would be considered to be very gifted in a subtype of intelligence, such as linguistics.

• References

  • Multiple Intelligences in the classroom.
  • Teaching and learning through Multiple Intelligences.
  • Problem-based learning and other curriculum models for the Multiple Intelligences classroom.
  • Frames of mind: the theory of Multiple Intelligences.
  • Intelligence reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st century.

• [PF content: Federal Policing and Intelligence Agencies]

• Competitive Intelligence

  • Competitive Intelligence (CI) is a hybrid process of marketing research and strategic analysis that can give companies a competitive advantage.
  • An example of competitive intelligence is when a food and beverage company conducts primary research to find out about the latest trends in the beverage industry of a foreign country.
  • Although the term CI is also considered synonymous with competitor analysis, competitive intelligence extends beyond analyzing competitors.
  • There are many synonyms for competitive intelligence such as business intelligence, market intelligence, and corporate intelligence.
  • Primary research – This process involves the use of a human network to access meaningful intelligence.

• Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom

  • The lecture teaches to students' Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence.
  • It is important to note that many activities, although designed to target a particular intelligence, may also utilize other intelligences as well.
  • This is a student-centered activity that directly involves Visual/Spatial intelligence, but also gives students a chance to exercise their Interpersonal Intelligence.
  • This activity also taps into Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence.
  • The short plays that students prepare involve Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence, as well as Interpersonal and Verbal/Linguistic intelligences.

• Summary and references

  • "Measuring competitive intelligence effectiveness: Insights from the advertising industry".
  • Competitive Intelligence Review; Volume 12, Issue 4: 25 – 38.
  • "Competitive intelligence revisited: A history, and assessment of its use in marketing".
  • Competitive Intelligence Review, 5, 4: 23-31.
  • Competitive Intelligence Review, 10, 2: 52-6.