Examples of inheritance of acquired characteristics in the following topics:
-
- Evolution, the unifying theory of biology, describes a mechanism for the change and diversification of species over time.
- The theory of evolution is the unifying theory of biology, meaning it is the framework within which biologists ask questions about the living world.
- This theory contrasted with the predominant view of the time: that the geology of the planet is a consequence of catastrophic events that occurred during a relatively brief past.
- This mechanism is now referred to as an inheritance of acquired characteristics.
- This idea states that modifications in an individual are caused by its environment, or the use or disuse of a structure during its lifetime, and that these changes can be inherited by its offspring, bringing about change in a species.
-
- Lamarckian inheritance is the idea that an organism can pass on characteristics that it acquired during its lifetime to its offspring (also known as heritability of acquired characteristics or soft inheritance).
- Mendelian genetics supplanted the notion of inheritance of acquired traits, eventually leading to the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis and the general abandonment of the Lamarckian theory of evolution in biology.
- Despite this abandonment, interest in Lamarckism has continued as studies in the field of epigenetics have highlighted the possible inheritance of behavioral traits acquired by the previous generation.
- When thinking about the evolution of a characteristic, it is probably best to think about the change of the average value of the characteristic in the population over time.
- Once a mechanism of inheritance was in place in the form of a molecule like DNA, either within a cell or pre-cell, these entities would be subject to the principle of natural selection.
-
- Upon further study, he realized that the varied beaks of each finch helped the birds acquire a specific type of food.
- First, most characteristics of organisms are inherited, or passed from parent to offspring, although how traits were inherited was unknown.
- Third, Darwin and Wallace reasoned that offspring with the inherited characteristics that allow them to best compete for limited resources will survive and have more offspring than those individuals with variations that are less able to compete.
- Because characteristics are inherited, these traits will be better represented in the next generation.
- He postulated that the beak of an ancestral species had adapted over time to equip the finches to acquire different food sources.
-
- First, the characteristics of organisms are inherited, or passed from parent to offspring.
- Third, offspring vary among each other in regard to their characteristics and those variations are inherited.
- Out of these three principles, Darwin reasoned that offspring with inherited characteristics that allow them to best compete for limited resources will survive and have more offspring than those individuals with variations that are less able to compete.
- Because characteristics are inherited, these traits will be better represented in the next generation.
- He postulated that the beak of an ancestral species had adapted over time to equip the finches to acquire different food sources.
-
- The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance identified chromosomes as the genetic material responsible for Mendelian inheritance.
- Together, these observations led to the development of the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, which identified chromosomes as the genetic material responsible for Mendelian inheritance.
- The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance was consistent with Mendel's laws and was supported by the following observations:
- Males are said to be hemizygous, in that they have only one allele for any X-linked characteristic.
- (a) Walter Sutton and (b) Theodor Boveri are credited with developing the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, which states that chromosomes carry the unit of heredity (genes).
-
- Some social constructivists discuss two aspects of social context that largely affect the nature and extent of the learning (Gredler, 1997; Wertch, 1991):
- Historical developments inherited by the learner as a member of a particular culture.
- The nature of the learner's social interaction with knowledgeable members of the society is important.
- Without the social interaction with more knowledgeable others, it is impossible to acquire social meaning of important symbol systems and learn how to use them.
-
- Inheriting two copies of mutated genes that are nonfunctional can have lethal consequences.
- A large proportion of genes in an individual's genome are essential for survival.
- An inheritance pattern in which an allele is only lethal in the homozygous form and in which the heterozygote may be normal or have some altered non-lethal phenotype is referred to as recessive lethal.
- The dominant lethal inheritance pattern is one in which an allele is lethal both in the homozygote and the heterozygote; this allele can only be transmitted if the lethality phenotype occurs after reproductive age.
- The neuron in the center of this micrograph (yellow) has nuclear inclusions characteristic of Huntington's disease (orange area in the center of the neuron).
-
- Mendelian inheritance (or Mendelian genetics or Mendelism) is a set of primary tenets relating to the transmission of hereditary characteristics from parent organisms to their children; it underlies much of genetics.
- He then conceived the idea of heredity units, which he called "factors", one of which is a recessive characteristic and the other dominant.
- Mendel also analyzed the pattern of inheritance of seven pairs of contrasting traits in the domestic pea plant.
- Finding in every case that each of his seven traits was inherited independently of the others, he formed his "second rule", the Law of Independent Assortment, which states the inheritance of one pair of factors (genes) is independent of the inheritance of the other pair.
- Discuss the methods Mendel utilized in his research that led to his success in understanding the process of inheritance
-
- Genetics is the study of heredity, or the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
- Mendel grew and studied around 29,000 garden pea plants in a monastery's garden, where he analyzed seven characteristics of the garden pea plants: flower color (purple or white), seed texture (wrinkled or round), seed color (yellow or green), stem length (long or short), pod color (yellow or green), pod texture (inflated or constricted), and flower position (axial or terminal).
- Because of Mendel's work, the fundamental principles of heredity were revealed, which are often referred to as Mendel's Laws of Inheritance.
- Not all genes are transmitted from parents to offspring according to Mendelian genetics, but Mendel's experiments serve as an excellent starting point for thinking about inheritance.
- Shortly after Mendel proposed that traits were determined by what are now
known as genes, other researchers observed that different traits were
often inherited together, and thereby deduced that the genes were
physically linked by being located on the same chromosome.
-
- Microorganism-mediated antimicrobial resistance is due to genetically-encoded traits of the microorganism and can be divided into intrinsic or acquired.
- Intrinsic resistance is considered to be a natural and inherited property with high predictability.
- Once the identity of the organism is known, the aspects of its anti-microbial resistance are also recognized.
- On the other hand, acquired resistance results from a change in the organism's genetic makeup.
- Microorganism-mediated antimicrobial resistance is acquired by gene change or exchange such as genetic mutations, acquisition of genes from other organisms via gene transfer mechanisms, or a combination of mutational and gene transfer events.