Indian reservation

Examples of Indian reservation in the following topics:

• Civil Rights of Native Americans

  • Relocating Indian populations to reservations during a period of American expansion is an example of what would today be considered a civil rights violation.
  • In an attempt to confine Native Americans to limited territory, thus clearing the way for westward expansion, the U.S. government created a system of Indian reservations.
  • Reservations were intended to reduce conflict between settlers and Indians without curbing American expansion, but they were controversial and largely unsuccessful from the start.
  • Today, there are still 310 Indian reservations in the U.S., but they remain controversial.
  • Congress passed the Indian Civil Rights Act, which gave tribal members protections from both the U.S.

• American Indian Relocation

  • In essence, the policy terminated the government's recognition of tribal sovereignty, trusteeship of Indian reservations, and exclusion of Indians from state laws.
  • In addition to ending the tribal rights as sovereign nations, the policy terminated federal support of most of the health care and education programs, utility services, and police and fire departments available to Indians on reservations.
  • Many Indians also lost health care during termination after relocating off the reservations.
  • In 1975, Congress had implicitly rejected the termination policy by passing the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, increasing tribal control over reservations and assisting with funding to building schools closer to the reservations.
  • Indian houses and farms on the Laguna Indian reservation, Laguna, New Mexico (March 1943).

• Pontiac's Uprising

  • British expansion into American Indian land after the French and Indian War led to resistance in the form of Pontiac's Rebellion in 1763.
  • While the French had long cultivated alliances among certain of the American Indian tribes, the British post-war approach was to subordinate the tribes, and tensions quickly rose between the American Indians and the British.
  • One of his policies was to prohibit gift exchange between the American Indians and the British.
  • Relations between British colonists and American Indians deteriorated further during Pontiac's Rebellion, and the British government concluded that colonists and American Indians must be kept apart.
  • Officials drew a boundary line between the British colonies along the seaboard and American Indian lands west of the Appalachian Mountains, creating a vast (and temporary) "Indian Reserve" that stretched from the Appalachians to the Mississippi River and from Florida to Quebec.

• American Indians and the War Effort

  • The number includes over 24,000 residents of reservations and around 20,000 of those who did not live on reservations (thus the number closer to 25,000 is sometimes misleadingly cited).
  • The resulting increase in contact with the world outside of the reservation system brought profound changes to American Indian culture.
  • Indian Commissioner in 1945, "caused the greatest disruption of Native life since the beginning of the reservation era," affecting the habits, views, and economic well-being of tribal members.
  • Many moved to cities rather than returned to reservations.
  • By 1950, this number had ballooned to nearly 20 percent of American Indians living in urban areas off of reservations.

• The American Indian Wars

  • Army are generally known as the "American Indian Wars."
  • The Black Hills region was reserved for their exclusive use.
  • Concerned about launching a war against the Lakota without provocation, the government instructed American Indian agents in the region to notify the various non-treaty bands to return to the reservation by January 31, 1876, or face potential military action.
  • The Wounded Knee Massacre happened on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek (Lakota: Čhaŋkpé Ópi Wakpála) on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota.
  • Portrait of one of the great American Indian leaders during the American Indian Wars.

• The French and Indian War

  • The French and Indian War was fought between the colonies of Great Britain and New France, supported by American Indian allies on both sides.
  • In the 1720s, a number of American Indian groups began to migrate to the Ohio Country.
  • In his proclamation, George III placed Ohio Country in the vast Indian Reserve stretching from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River and from Florida to Newfoundland.
  • This is a scene from the French and Indian War (1754–1763), depicting the alliance of French and American Indian forces.
  • Describe the political and economic impact of the French and Indian War on the colonies

• American Indians and the Revolution

  • Most American Indians who joined the struggle sided with the British, based both on their trading relationships and hopes that colonial defeat would result in a halt to further colonial expansion onto American Indian land.
  • The British made peace with the Americans in the Treaty of Paris (1783), through which they ceded vast American Indian territories to the United States without informing or consulting with the American Indians.
  • The Northwest Indian War was led by American Indian tribes trying to repulse American colonists.
  • The state established small reservations in western New York for the remnant peoples.
  • The Treaty of Penn with the Indians by Benjamin West, painted in 1771

• American Indian Policy

  • Native Americans signed treaties stating that they accepted downsized reservations or allotments, but their allotments were usually sold to white settlers by force.
  • Allowing native peoples to live their lives according to traditional practices and teachings on the reservation was forbidden; thus, assimilation became the epitome of Federal Indian Policy.
  • Allotment did not work because it was not something with which Indians were familiar.
  • The act also provided that the government would purchase Indian land that was in "excess" of that needed for allotment and open it up for settlement by non-Indians.
  • Roosevelt administration supported passage in 1934 of the Indian Reorganization Act.

• The War and Its Consequences

  • The Seven Years' War changed relations between the European powers, their colonies and colonists, and the American Indians in North America.
  • Included in its provisions was the reservation of lands west of the Appalachian Mountains to its original American Indian population, a demarcation that was at best a temporary impediment to a rising tide of westward-bound British invaders.
  • The proclamation outlawed private purchase of American Indian land, which had often created problems in the past; instead, all future land purchases were to be made by Crown officials "at some public Meeting or Assembly of the said Indians."
  • The proclamation was less about respecting or preserving the American Indians' rights to their land; rather, it gave the British Crown a monopoly on all future land purchases from American Indians.
  • As a result, the boundary line was adjusted in a series of treaties with American Indians.

• Madison's American Indian Policy

  • Like most American leaders at the time, Madison had a paternalistic and discriminatory attitude toward American Indians.
  • He encouraged American Indian men to give up hunting and become farmers and supported the conversion of American Indians to a European way of life.
  • Army to protect some of the American Indian lands from intrusion.
  • During his presidency, Madison's also saw conflicts with the American Indians in the Southeast.
  • According to the Treaty of Moultrie Creek of 1823, the Seminoles were required to leave northern Florida and were confined to a large reservation in the center of the Florida peninsula.