Examples of in-text citation in the following topics:
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- In APA style, there are different formats for citing sources in text depending on the type of source.
- When you tell the reader the author’s name and the date the source was published in the text of your paper, this is called an in-text citation.
- To cite this type of reference in the text, you should use what is known as a parenthetical—the citation information enclosed in parentheses—at the end of the relevant sentence.
- For an article with more than five authors, include only the first author's name followed by “et al.” and the year of publication in each in-text citation.
- You would then include these lowercase letters in your in-text citations as well:
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- In MLA, there are different formats for citing sources in text depending on the type of source.
- When you tell the reader the author’s name and the date the source was published in the text of your paper, this is called an in-text citation.
- To cite this type of reference in the text, you should use what is known as a parenthetical—the citation information enclosed in parentheses—at the end of the relevant sentence.
- Authors should be presented in the order in which they are listed on the published article.
- For an article with no known author, use the source title in place of the author's name, formatted as it would be (i.e., italicized or enclosed in quotation marks) in your Works Cited section:
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- When you do this within the text the reader the author’s name and the date the source was published in the text of your paper, this is called an in-text citation.
- The Chicago/Turabian citation style uses in-text citations only in its Author–Date method, which is generally used for social science papers and is explained below.
- If your professor asks you to cite sources with footnotes and bibliography rather than in-text citations, make sure you use the Notes and Bibliography (NB) method rather than the Author–Date method described here.
- To cite this type of reference in the text, you should use what is known as a parenthetical—citation information enclosed in parentheses—at the end of the relevant sentence.
- For an article with more than four authors, the first time you cite the article in the text of your paper, you should use only the first author’s name followed by “et al.” and the year of publication.
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- You will cite resources in two places: a brief citation in the text of your paper (in-text citation), and a full citation in a reference page at the end of your essay.
- In-text citations come in two forms: the parenthetical, and the footnote (or endnote).
- Parenthetical citations include the necessary information in parentheses after a sentence.
- Since in-text citations are kept brief, you will need to provide the full bibliographic details of your sources outside of the text of your paper.
- Identify the different types of citations and where they should appear in your paper
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- Chicago style is a citation and formatting style you may encounter in your academic career.
- Its sixteen editions have specified writing and citation styles widely used in publishing.
- The most recent edition of The Chicago Manual of Style permits the use of both in-text citation systems ("Author–Date" style, which is usually used in the social sciences) or footnotes and endnotes (this is called "Notes and bibliography" style, which is usually used in the humanities).
- As mentioned above, the most recent editions of The Chicago Manual of Style permit the use of either in-text citation systems or footnotes and endnotes.
- It can give information about in-text citation by page number or by year of publication; it even provides for variations in styles of footnotes and endnotes, depending on whether the paper includes a full bibliography at the end.
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- In Chicago/Turabian papers using the Notes and Bibliography (NB) citation system, all the sources you cite throughout the text of your paper are listed together and in full in the bibliography, which comes after the main text of your paper.
- Your citations should be in alphabetical order by the first word in each citation (usually the author's last name).
- (In Microsoft Word, for example, you simply highlight your citations, click on the small arrow right next to the word "Paragraph" on the home tab, and in the popup box choose "hanging indent" under the "Special" section.
- The first step in building each individual citation is to determine the type of resource you are citing, since in each citation style formatting differs slightly based on source type.
- As an example, let's look in detail at the process of citing three particular sources in Chicago style: Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness (i.e., a book by one author), Project Gutenberg's online text of the same book (i.e., an online book), and an online journal article about the book.
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- In Chicago/Turabian papers using the Author–Date citation system, all the sources you cite throughout the text of your paper are listed together in full in the References section, which comes after the main text of your paper.
- Your citations should be in alphabetical order by the first word in each citation (usually the author's last name).
- (In Microsoft Word, for example, you simply highlight your citations, click on the small arrow right next to the word "Paragraph" on the home tab, and in the popup box choose "hanging indent" under the "Special" section.
- The first step in building each individual citation is to determine the type of resource you are citing, since in each citation style formatting differs slightly based on source type.
- As an example, let's look in detail at the process of citing three particular sources in Chicago style: Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness (i.e., a book by one author), Project Gutenberg's online text of the same book (i.e., an online book), and an online journal article about the book.
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- In MLA style, all the sources you cite throughout the text of your paper are listed together in full in the Works Cited section, which comes after the main text of your paper.
- (In Microsoft Word, for example, you simply highlight your citations, click on the small arrow right next to the word "Paragraph" on the home tab, and in the popup box choose "hanging indent" under the "Special" section.
- The first step in building each individual citation is to determine the type of resource you are citing, since in each citation style formatting differs slightly based on source type.
- As an example, let's look in detail at the process of citing three particular sources in MLA style: Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness (i.e., a book by one author), Project Gutenberg's online text of the same book (i.e., an online book), and an online journal article about the book.
- Importantly, if the work in question were a more standard web page—rather than the text of an entire standalone book—its title would be formatted in quotation marks rather than italicized.
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- There are three methods for referencing a source in the text of your paper: quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing.
- If you incorporate a direct quotation from another author's text, you must put that quotation or phrase in quotation marks to indicate that it is not your language.
- When writing direct quotations, you can use the source author's name in the same sentence as the quotation to introduce the quoted text and to indicate the source in which you found the text.
- When summarizing a source, it is still necessary to use a citation to give credit to the original author.
- You must reference the author or source in the appropriate parenthetical citation at the end of the summary.
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- In APA style, all the sources you cite throughout the text of your paper are listed together, and more fully, in the References section, which comes after the main text of your paper.
- (In Microsoft Word, for example, you simply highlight your citations, click on the small arrow right next to the word "Paragraph" on the home tab, and in the popup box choose "hanging indent" under the "Special" section.
- The first step in building each individual citation is to determine the type of resource you are citing, since in each citation style formatting differs slightly based on source type.
- As an example, let's look in detail at the process of citing three particular sources in APA style: Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness (i.e., a book by one author), Project Gutenberg's online text of the same book (i.e., an online book), and an online journal article about the book.
- Much of the citation is the same: