human chorionic gonadotropin

Examples of human chorionic gonadotropin in the following topics:

• Early Pregnancy Tests

  • ., human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
  • The first of these markers to be discovered, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), is produced by the trophoblast cells of the fertilized ovum (blastocyst).
  • Most chemical tests for pregnancy look for the presence of the beta subunit of hCG or human chorionic gonadotropin in the blood or urine. hCG can be detected in urine or blood after implantation, which occurs six to 12 days after fertilization.

• Implantation

  • In humans, implantation of a blastocyst occurs between 6 to 12 days after ovulation.
  • The chorionic villi grow outwards until they come into contact with the maternal blood supply.
  • The creation of chorionic villi is assisted by hydrolytic enzymes that erode the uterine epithelium.
  • The syncytiotrophoblast also produces human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone that notifies the mother's body that she is pregnant and prevents menstruation by sustaining the function of the progesterone-producing corpus luteum within the ovary.
  • Human chorionic gonadotropin is the hormone that is detected by pregnancy tests, as it is found in the maternal bloodstream and urine.

• Placenta

  • In humans, the placenta averages 22 cm in length and 2–2.5 cm in thickness; it typically weights 500g and is a dark-reddish color due to the large quantities of blood contained within.
  • The umbilical cord inserts into the chorionic plate of the placenta.
  • IgG antibodies can pass through the human placenta, thereby providing protection to the fetus in utero.
  • Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the first placental hormone produced, which can be found in maternal blood and urine as early as the first missed menstrual period (shortly after implantation has occurred) through about the hundredth day of pregnancy.
  • Human placental lactogen is lactogenic and promotes mammary gland growth in preparation for lactation in the mother.

• Onset, Duration, and Half-Life of Hormone Activity

  • For instance, the biological half-life of luteinizing hormone is 20 minutes, which is shorter than that of a follicle-stimulating hormone (three to four hours), and of human chorionic gonadotropin (24 hours).

• Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle

  • This increased level of estrogen stimulates production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which increases production of LH.
  • Alternatively, the loss of the corpus luteum can be prevented by implantation of an embryo: after implantation, human embryos produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
  • Human chorionic gonadotropin is structurally similar to LH and can preserve the corpus luteum.

• Other Hormone-Producing Structures

  • The placenta endocrine function in humans, aside from serving as the conduit for oxygen and nutrients for the fetus, secretes hormones that are important during pregnancy, such as human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, estrogen, and progesterone.

• Cryptorchidism

  • A recent study published in the European medical journal Human Reproduction examined the prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism among offspring whose mothers had taken mild analgesics, primarily over-the-counter pain medications including ibuprofen (e.g.
  • The most commonly used hormone therapy is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

• Human Gestation

  • Another layer of the blastocyst, the chorion, begins releasing a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) which makes its way to the corpus luteum, keeping it active.
  • In humans, fertilization occurs soon after the oocyte leaves the ovary.
  • Describe the development of the human fetus from fertilization through the third trimester

• Ovarian Cycle

  • The follicular phase (or proliferative phase) is the phase of the menstrual cycle in humans and great apes during which follicles in the ovary mature, ending with ovulation.
  • After implantation, human embryos produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is structurally similar to LH and can preserve the corpus luteum.

• Hormonal Regulation of the Male Reproductive System

  • In humans, the mechanisms are not completely understood.
  • Studies from rodent models suggest that gonadotropin hormones (both LH and FSH) support the process of spermatogenesis by suppressing the proapoptotic signals and thus promoting spermatogenic cell survival.
  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is mainly made in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus before traveling to the pituitary gland.
  • There it stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the gonadotropins, FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH).