Examples of hereditary rule in the following topics:
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- Hereditary rule is often a common characteristic, but some monarchs are elected (e.g., the Pope), and some states with hereditary rulers are nevertheless considered republics (e.g., the Dutch Republic).
- Most states only have a single person acting as monarch at any given time, although two monarchs have ruled simultaneously in some countries, a situation known as diarchy.
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- Monarchies are associated with political or sociocultural hereditary rule, in which monarchs rule for life (although some monarchs do not hold lifetime positions).
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- Hereditary rule is often a common characteristic, but elective monarchies are also considered monarchies (e.g., The Pope) and some states have hereditary rulers, but are considered republics (e.g., the Dutch Republic).
- Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a political system that strives to regulate nearly every aspect of public and private life.
- An oligarchy does not have to be hereditary or monarchic.
- An oligarchy does not have one clear ruler, but several powerful people who rule.
- However, if any democracy is not carefully legislated with balances, such as the separation of powers, to avoid an uneven distribution of political power, then a branch of the system of rule could accumulate power and become harmful to the democracy itself.
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- This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and rules for life or until abdication.
- Monarchy is associated with political or sociocultural hereditary rule; most monarchs, both historically and in the modern day, have been born and brought up within a royal family and trained for future duties.
- However, some monarchies are non-hereditary.
- Aristocracy is a form of government in which a few elite citizens rule.
- Similarly, plutocracy is rule by the wealthy.
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- Hereditary rule is often a common characteristic, but elective monarchies are also considered monarchies (e.g., The Pope) and some states have hereditary rulers, but are considered republics (e.g., the Dutch Republic).
- However, if any democracy is not carefully legislated to avoid an uneven distribution of political power with balances, such as the separation of powers, then a branch of the system of rule could accumulate power and become harmful to the democracy itself.
- The "majority rule" is often described as a characteristic feature of democracy, but without responsible government it is possible for the rights of a minority to be abused by the "tyranny of the majority".
- Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a political system that strives to regulate nearly every aspect of public and private life.
- A Communist state is a state with a form of government characterized by single-party rule of a Communist party and a professed allegiance to an ideology of communism as the guiding principle of the state.
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- Although the Habsburgs held the title of Holy Roman Emperor for nearly four centuries, the title was not hereditary and their power over the decentralized empire was limited and separate from their reign over the territories under the Habsburg rule.
- Many other lands were, at times, also under the Habsburg rule.
- Until the mid 17th century, not all of the provinces were even necessarily ruled by the same person—junior members of the family often ruled portions of the Hereditary Lands as private apanages.
- There were also some areas ruled directly by the Emperor.
- However, he gained the rule over the hereditary territories of the Habsburgs only after his mother's death fifteen years later.
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- The Pragmatic Sanction was an edict issued by Charles VI on April 19, 1713, to ensure that the Habsburg hereditary possessions could be inherited by a daughter.
- The Head of the House of Habsburg ruled the Archduchy of Austria, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Croatia, the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Italian territories awarded to Austria by the Treaty of Utrecht (Duchy of Milan, Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily), and the Austrian Netherlands.
- For 10 years, Charles VI labored, with the support of his closest advisor Johann Christoph von Bartenstein, to have his sanction accepted by the courts of Europe and by Habsburg's hereditary territories.
- This was the rule in the Kingdom of Bohemia too.
- The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748, finally recognized Maria Theresa's rule over the Habsburg hereditary lands.
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- The Abbasids, who ruled from Baghdad, had an unbroken line of caliphs for over three centuries, consolidating Islamic rule and cultivating great intellectual and cultural developments in the Middle East in the Golden Age of Islam.
- Local governors had begun to exert greater autonomy, using their increasing power to make their positions hereditary.
- In the eastern territories, local governors decreased their ties to the central Abbasid rule.
- The Abbasid dynasty finally challenged Fatimid rule, limiting them to Egypt.
- Outside Iraq, all the autonomous provinces slowly became states with hereditary rulers, armies, and revenues.
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- Frederick the Great's 1740 invasion of resource-rich and strategically located Silesia, which marked the onset of the War of Austrian Succession, aimed to unify the disconnected lands under Frederick's rule.
- It aimed to ensure that the Habsburg hereditary possessions could be inherited by a daughter.
- The Head of the House of Habsburg ruled the Archduchy of Austria, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Croatia, the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Italian territories awarded to Austria by the Treaty of Utrecht (Duchy of Milan, Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily), and the Austrian Netherlands.
- However, the Pragmatic Sanction did not affect the office of Holy Roman Emperor because the Imperial crown was elective, not hereditary, although successive elected Habsburg rulers headed the Holy Roman Empire since 1438.
- The plan was for her to succeed to the hereditary domains and her husband, Francis Stephen, to be elected Holy Roman Emperor.
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- In some societies, this group is often a self-perpetuating or hereditary class.
- Aristocracy refers to the rule by elite citizens; a system of governance in which a person who rules in an aristocracy is an aristocrat.
- It has come to mean rule by "the aristocracy" who are people of noble birth.
- In modern times, an Autocrat's rule is not stopped by any rules of law, constitutions, or other social and political institutions.
- An oligarchy does not have to be hereditary or monarchic.