Examples of heat shock response in the following topics:
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- Heat shock response is a cell's response to intense heat, including up-regulation of heat shock proteins.
- Heat shock response is the cellular response to heat shock includes the transcriptional up-regulation of genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs) as part of the cell's internal repair mechanism .
- The up-regulation of HSPs during heat shock is generally controlled by a single transcription factor; in eukaryotes this regulation is performed by heat shock factor (HSF), while σ32 is the heat shock sigma factor in Escherichia coli.
- Heat shock protein come in many sizes.
- This is an example of small heat shock proteins produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clonal Variants Isolated from Diverse Niches.
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- Stringent response is a stress response that occurs in bacteria and plant chloroplasts in reaction to stress conditions.
- Stringent Response, also called stringent control, is a stress response that occurs in bacteria and plant chloroplasts in reaction to amino-acid starvation, fatty acid limitation, iron limitation, heat shock, and other stress conditions.
- The stringent response is signaled by the alarmone (p)ppGpp and modulating transcription of up to 1/3 of all genes in the cell.
- In other bacteria, stringent response is mediated by a variety of RelA/SpoT Homologue (RSH) proteins.
- In bacteria stringent response is mediated by a variety of RelA/SpoT Homologue (RSH) proteins.
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- The stringent response is a stress response that occurs in bacteria in reaction to amino-acid starvation or other stress conditions.
- The stringent response, also called stringent control, is a stress response that occurs in bacteria and plant chloroplasts in reaction to amino-acid starvation , fatty acid limitation, iron limitation, heat shock, and other stress conditions.
- The stringent response is signaled by the alarmone (p)ppGpp and modulating transcription of up to 1/3 of all genes in the cell.
- During the stringent response, (p)ppGpp accumulation affects the resource-consuming cell processes replication, transcription, and translation.
- Explain the function of the alarmone (p)ppGpp in the stringent response
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- Circulatory shock, commonly known simply as shock, is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs due to inadequate substrates for aerobic cellular respiration.
- In some people with circulatory shock, blood pressure remains stable.
- Specific subtypes of shock may have additional symptoms.
- Obstructive shock is caused by an obstruction of blood flow outside of the heart.
- The scheme depicts the cell metabolic response as a result of inadequate blood delivery during circulatory shock.
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- The opposite extreme is that the shock heats the gas sufficiently that radiative losses are important near the shock and the gas rapidly cools.
- In this case we must abandon the conservation of energy flux through the shock (fourth equation of this chapter) and find another criterion to understand how the gas changes through the shock.
- As it passed through the shock it is heated from to point and then as it cools it travels from to .
- The ratio of the energy flux entering the radiative shock to that leaving is given by
- This yields a minimum energy ratio for the isothermal shock of
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- Show that the entropy of the fluid increases as it passes through a shock.
- Figure 12.5 shows shocked air heated to incandescence about two milliseconds after the detonation of a nuclear bomb.
- Find the incoming and outgoing velocity of a relativistic shock in terms of the energy density and pressure on either side of the shock.
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- Circulatory shock, commonly known simply as shock, is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs due to inadequate substrate for aerobic cellular respiration.
- There are four stages of shock.
- The increase in acidity will initiate the Cushing reflex, generating the classic symptoms of shock.
- At the refractory stage, the vital organs have failed and shock can no longer be reversed.
- The scheme depicts the cell metabolic response as a result of inadequate blood delivery during circulatory shock.
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- An intracellular nuclear receptor (NR) is located in the cytoplasm bound to a heat shock protein (HSP).
- Upon hormone binding, the receptor dissociates from the heat shock protein and translocates to the nucleus.
- In the nucleus, the hormone-receptor complex binds to a DNA sequence called a hormone response element (HRE), which triggers gene transcription and translation.
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- During a fever, the set point is raised, which causes the body to increase its temperature through both actively generating and retaining heat (vasoconstriction).
- If these measures are insufficient to make the blood temperature in the brain match the new setting in the hypothalamus, then shivering begins so those muscle movements produce more heat.
- When TNFα or any of these cytokine factors bind to cells in phospolipids in the brain, the arachidonic acid pathway is activated and PGE2 released to act on the hypothalamus and cause the fever response.
- For example, septic shock is a severe bacterial infection in which bacterial toxins stimulate pyrogen and inflammatory mediator activity causes high fever.
- The fever makes it harder for the body to stop the systemic organ failure that occurs from the compensatory mechanisms in septic shock.
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- Septic shock occurs when a body's response to an infection (sepsis) leads to life-threatening low blood pressure.
- The mortality rate from septic shock is approximately 25–50%.
- Sepsis is an illness in which the body has a severe response to bacteria or other germs.
- A bacterial infection anywhere in the body may set off the response that leads to sepsis.
- There are new drugs that act against the extreme inflammatory response seen in septic shock.