Hawaii

Examples of Hawaii in the following topics:

• Hawaiian Art with Western Influences

  • The arrival of westerners to Hawaii, and the subsequent formation of Hawaii into a state of the U.S., has greatly impacted the art of native Hawaiians.
  • Most of the art currently produced in Hawaii integrates a melding of traditional Hawaiian and western influence.
  • Notable artists include sculptor Satoru Abe (born Hawaii 1926-), sculptor Bumpei Akaji (born Hawaii 1921-2002), sculptor Marguerite Louis Blasingame (born Hawaii 1906-1947), ceramicist Sally Fletcher-Murchison (born Hawaii 1933-), Joseph Nawahi (born Hawaii 1842-1896), Reuben Tam (born Hawaii 1916-1991), Isami Doi (born Hawaii 1903-1965), and others.
  • In 1967, Hawaii became the first state in the nation to implement a "Percent for Art" law.
  • Hawaii is also home to numerous cultural events that illustrate the rich traditions of the island pre-European influence.

• Non-Native Hawaiian Art

  • Polynesians arrived there 1,000-2,000 years ago, and in 1778 Captain James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to visit Hawaii.
  • Some of the first westerners to visit Hawaii were artists—both professional and amateur.
  • These artists sketched and painted Hawaii's people and landscapes using imported materials and concepts.
  • The Volcano School was a group of non-native Hawaiian artists who painted dramatic nocturnal scenes of Hawaii's erupting volcanoes.
  • Jules Tavernier was a member of the Volcano School, a group of non-native Hawaiian artists who painted dramatic nocturnal scenes of Hawaii's erupting volcanoes.

• The United States and the World

  • The Kingdom of Hawaii was established in 1795 with the subjugation of the smaller independent chiefdoms of Oʻahu, Maui, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kauaʻi and Niʻihau by the chiefdom of Hawaiʻi (or the "Big Island"), ruled by the dynasty of King Kamehameha the Great.
  • King Kalākaua appointed Dole a justice of the Supreme Court of the Kingdom of Hawaii on December 28, 1887, and to a commission to revise judiciary laws on January 24, 1888.
  • The Territory of Hawaii or Hawaii Territory existed as a United States organized incorporated territory from July 7, 1898, until August 21, 1959, when its territory, with the exception of Johnston Atoll, was admitted to the Union as the fiftieth U.S. state, the State of Hawaii.
  • Dole of the Republic of Hawaii, his cabinet, and officers of the United States Army, reviewing from the steps of the former royal palace the first American troops to arrive in Honolulu, in 1898, on their way to Manila to capture the city, which Commodore Dewey held at bay with the guns of his fleets.

• Cleveland and the Special Interests

  • In his first term, Cleveland had supported free trade with Hawaii and accepted an amendment that gave the United States a coaling and naval station in Pearl Harbor.
  • Cleveland withdrew the treaty from the Senate and sent former Congressman James Henderson Blount to Hawaii to investigate the conditions there.
  • Cleveland dropped all talk of reinstating the Queen, and went on to recognize and maintain diplomatic relations with the new Republic of Hawaii.

• Pre-European Hawaiian Art

  • Hawaii represents the northernmost extension of the vast Polynesian triangle of the south and central Pacific Ocean.
  • Polynesians arrived there 1,000-2,000 years ago, and in 1778 Captain James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to visit Hawaii (which they called the Sandwich Islands).

• American Imperialism

  • One of the most notable examples of American imperialism in this age was the annexation of Hawaii in 1898, which allowed the United States to gain possession and control of all ports, buildings, harbors, military equipment, and public property that had formally belonged to the Government of the Hawaiian Islands.
  • On January 17, 1893, the last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii, Queen Liliuokalani, was deposed in a coup d'état led largely by American citizens who were opposed to Liliuokalani's attempt to establish a new Constitution.
  • This action eventually resulted in Hawaii's becoming America's 50th state in 1959.
  • This caricature shows Uncle Sam lecturing four children labelled "Philippines," "Hawaii," "Puerto Rico," and "Cuba" in front of children holding books labeled with various U.S. states.

• Ecological Succession

  • Primary succession occurs when new land is formed or rock is exposed; for example, following the eruption of volcanoes, such as those on the Big Island of Hawaii.
  • During primary succession in lava on Maui, Hawaii, succulent plants are the pioneer species.

• Pacific Arts Festival

  • The next Festival will take place in 2020 in Hawaii.
  • In 2008, about 2,000 artists attended the Festival of Pacific Arts from the following participating countries: American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Easter Island, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaii, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Sāmoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna.

• Biogeography

  • Hawaii, for example, has no native land species of reptiles or amphibians and has only one native terrestrial mammal, the hoary bat.
  • Isolated land masses, such as Australia, Hawaii, and Madagascar, often have large numbers of endemic plant species.
  • The forest gardenia (Gardenia brighamii), for instance, is endemic to Hawaii; only an estimated 15–20 trees are thought to exist .

• Attack on Pearl Harbor

  • The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941.
  • Within hours of the attack, hundreds of Japanese American leaders were rounded up and brought to high-security camps such as Sand Island at the mouth of Honolulu harbor and Kilauea Military Camp on the island of Hawaii. 
  • Navy battleship USS California (BB-44) slowly sinking alongside Ford Island, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (USA), as a result of bomb and torpedo damage, December 7, 1941.