Examples of folic acid in the following topics:
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- Such substances are often similar in structure to the metabolite that they interfere with, such as antifolates that interfere with the use of folic acid.
- The first, antifolates impair the function of folic acid leading to disruption in the production of DNA and RNA.
- For example, methotrexate is a folic acid analogue, and owing to structural similarity with folic acid, methotrexate binds and inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, and thus prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate.
- Two of the four bases in nucleic acids, adenine and guanine, are purines.
- Purine analogues disrupt nucleic acid production.
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- However, dietary supplementation with folic acid prior to pregnancy has been shown to be helpful in reducing the incidence of spina bifida.
- Natural sources of folic acid include whole grains, fortified breakfast cereals, dried beans, leafy vegetables, and fruits.
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- In the last stages of development, the immature RBCs absorb iron, Vitamin B12, and folic acid.
- These dietary nutrients that are necessary for proper synthesis of hemoglobin (iron) and normal RBC development (B12 and folic acid).
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- Recent studies have shown that the addition of folic acid to the diet of women of child-bearing age may significantly reduce, although not eliminate, the incidence of neural tube defects.
- It is recommended that all women of child-bearing age consume 0.4 mg of folic acid daily, especially those attempting to conceive or who may possibly conceive, as this can reduce the risk to 0.03%.
- A physician may prescribe even higher dosages of folic acid(4 mg/day) for women who have had a previous pregnancy with a neural tube defect.
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- The exact cause of many aphthous ulcers is unknown, but citrus fruits (e.g. oranges and lemons), physical trauma, stress, lack of sleep, sudden weight loss, food allergies, immune system reactions, and deficiencies in vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid may contribute to their development.
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- Some water-soluble vitamins include vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, biotin, folic acid, niacin, and riboflavin.
- The omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid and the omega-6 linoleic acid are essential fatty acids needed to synthesize some membrane phospholipids.
- These amino acids are the "essential" amino acids.
- These include vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids, and some amino acids.
- There are 20 known amino acids.
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- One such mutualistic association, called interspecies hydrogen transfer, occurs between clusters of anaerobic bacteria that consume organic acids, such as butyric acid or propionic acid, and produce hydrogen; and methanogenic Archaea, which consume hydrogen.
- The bacteria in this association are unable to consume the organic acids since this reaction produces hydrogen, which accumulates in the bacteria's surroundings.
- Synthesis vitamins such as folic acid, vitamin K, and biotin convert sugars to lactic acid (see Lactobacillus), as well as fermenting complex undigestible carbohydrates.
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- These symptoms are due to impaired water, carbohydrate, and electrolyte absorption; or irritation from unabsorbed fatty acids.
- Many patients suffer from swelling or edema from loss of protein; anemia (commonly from vitamin B12); folic acid and iron deficiency presenting as fatigue and weakness; and muscle cramps from decreased vitamin D and calcium absorption.
- Cholestyramine or other bile acid sequestrants help reduce diarrhea in bile acid malabsorption.
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- For example, the multienzyme complex pyruvate dehydrogenase at the junction of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle requires five organic cofactors and one metal ion: loosely bound thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), covalently bound lipoamide and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and the cosubstrates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and coenzyme A (CoA), and a metal ion (Mg2+).
- Vitamins can serve as precursors to many organic cofactors (e.g., vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, niacin, folic acid) or as coenzymes themselves (e.g., vitamin C).