flat affect

Examples of flat affect in the following topics:

• Flat versus tall organizations

  • By definition, a small business is typically a flat, centralized organization.
  • However, as the personnel count grows, the firm's structure typically expands either horizontally (flat) or vertically (tall).
  • Again, various factors including the owner's management style, might affect what type of structure a business assumes.
  • Flat organizations follow the decentralized approach, or organic system.

• Soil Formation

  • Temperature, moisture, and wind cause different patterns of weathering, which affect soil characteristics.
  • Topography affects water runoff, which strips away parent material and affects plant growth.
  • Steep soils are more prone to erosion and may be thinner than soils that are relatively flat or level.
  • The presence of living organisms greatly affects soil formation and structure.

• The Relativistic Universe

  • Going in the reverse order, energy and momentum affect the curvature and the space-time.
  • Minkowski space is the special space devoid of matter, and as a result, it is completely flat.
  • This altering of motion affects satellites, the moon, and even humans.
  • If the space around the Earth were flat, humans would simply float away if they jumped upwards.

• Mapping the Earth

  • If the geographic extent of your project area is small, like a neighborhood or a portion of a city, you can assume that the Earth is flat in making your map.
  • Planar representation does not significantly affect a map's accuracy at large scales.
  • For most practical applications, 2-dimensional (flat) maps are far easier to use than 3-dimensional maps.
  • Resting on a table, the pieces are not flat; they arch in the center.
  • By squishing it flat it, you change its geography.

• Key Signatures

  • If you do not know the order of the sharps and flats, you can also use the circle of fifths to find these.
  • The first flat in a key signature is always B flat (the same as the last sharp); the second is always E flat, and so on, all the way to F flat.
  • Notice that, just as with the key signatures, you add sharps or subtract flats as you go clockwise around the circle, and add flats or subtract sharps as you go counterclockwise.
  • After B flat major, name the next four flat keys, and name the flat that is added with each key.
  • Each sharp and flat that is added to a key signature is also a perfect fifth away from the last sharp or flat that was added.

• Key Signature

  • The order of flats is the reverse of the order of sharps: B flat, E flat, A flat, D flat, G flat, C flat, F flat.
  • So the keys with only one flat (F major and D minor) have a B flat; the keys with two flats (B flat major and G minor) have B flat and E flat; and so on.
  • In flat keys, the second-to-last flat names the key.
  • This key signature has a flat on the "B" line, so all of these B's are flat.
  • F major has one flat.

• Solutions to Chapter 4 Exercises

  • Notice that although they look completely different, the scales of F sharp major and G flat major (numbers 5 and 6) sound exactly the same when played, on a piano as shown in Figure 4.21, or on any other instrument using equal temperament tuning.
  • For example, the B flat could be written as an A sharp.
  • Using this figure of a keyboard, or the fingerings from your own instrument, notice that the notes for the F sharp major scale and the G flat major scale in Figure 4.20, although spelled differently, will sound the same.

• Layers in an Organization: Tall vs Flat Organizations

  • Tall or flat organizational structures have advantages and disadvantages and each type is influenced by both internal and external factors.
  • A small business is an example of a typically flat, centralized organization where the founder/owner is the boss and makes all the critical decisions.
  • A small business is an example of a typically a flat, centralized organization where the founder/owner is the boss and makes all the critical decisions.
  • Flat organizations follow the decentralized approach or organic system of organization and management.
  • In flat organizational structures there are fewer levels of management which fosters the potential for faster growth given the ability to share and respond to new information between the levels of an organization.

• Marfan Syndrome

  • Marfan syndrome affects males and females equally, and the mutation shows no ethnic or geographical bias.
  • In addition to affecting height and limb proportions, Marfan syndrome can produce other skeletal anomalies.
  • Other signs include abnormal joint flexibility, a high palate, flat feet, hammer toes, stooped shoulders, and unexplained stretch marks on the skin.
  • Marfan syndrome can also seriously affect the eyes and vision.
  • Such symptoms usually diminish when the individual lies flat on his or her back.

• Choosing Your New Key

  • The hymn is written in the key of E flat.
  • Trumpet and Cornet parts can be found in both B flat and C, but players with B flat instruments will probably want a B flat (transposed) part.
  • The difference between an E flat part and a B flat part is a perfect fifth.
  • To turn a B flat part into an E flat part (B flat to E flat = down a perfect fifth), transpose the part up a perfect fifth.
  • The hymn is originally in E flat.