First Intermediate Period

Examples of First Intermediate Period in the following topics:

• The First Intermediate Period

  • The First Intermediate Period, the Seventh to Eleventh dynasties, spanned approximately one hundred years (2181-2055 BCE), and was characterized by political instability and conflict between the Heracleopolitan and Theban Kings.
  • The First Intermediate Period (c. 2181-2055 BCE), often described as a "dark period" in ancient Egyptian history after the end of the Old Kingdom, spanned approximately 100 years.
  • The First Intermediate Period was a dynamic time in history when rule of Egypt was roughly divided between two competing power bases: Heracleopolis in Lower Egypt, and Thebes in Upper Egypt.
  • The first three kings of the Eleventh Dynasty (all named Intef) were, therefore, also the last three kings of the First Intermediate Period.
  • Describe the processes by which the First Intermediate Period occurred, and then transitioned into the Middle Kingdom

• The Middle Kingdom

  • The Middle Kingdom, also known as the Period of Reunification, is a period in the history of Ancient Egypt stretching from the end of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Twelfth Dynasty, roughly between 2000-1700 BCE.
  • Toward the end of the First Intermediate Period, Mentuhotep II and his successors unified Egypt under a single rule, and commanded such faraway locations as Nubia and the Sinai.
  • During the First Intermediate Period, the governors of the nomes of Egypt— nomarchs—gained considerable power.
  • Ancient Egyptian sources regard these as the first kings of the Thirteenth Dynasty.
  • Thus began the final portion of the Thirteenth Dynasty, when southern kings continued to reign over Upper Egypt; when the unity of Egypt fully disintegrated, however, the Middle Kingdom gave way to the Second Intermediate Period.

• Introduction to Ancient Egyptian Art

  • The Predynastic period is generally divided into cultural periods, each named after the place where a certain type of Egyptian settlement was first discovered.
  • The Old Kingdom is the name given to the period in the third millennium BCE when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization in complexity and achievement—the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods which mark the high points of civilization in the lower Nile Valley (the others being Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom).
  • While the Old Kingdom was a period of internal security and prosperity, it was followed by a period of disunity and relative cultural decline referred to by Egyptologists as the First Intermediate Period.
  • Under King Djoser, the first king of the Third Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, the royal capital of Egypt was moved to Memphis.
  • The New Kingdom followed the Second Intermediate Period and was succeeded by the Third Intermediate Period.

• The Third Intermediate Period

  • The Third Intermediate Period (c. 1069-664 BCE) spanned the Twenty-first to Twenty-sixth Dynasties, and was marked by internal divisions within Egypt, as well as conquest and rule by foreigners.
  • The Third Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt began with the death of the last pharaoh of the New Kingdom, Ramesses XI in 1070 BCE, and ended with the start of the Postdynastic Period.
  • The Third Intermediate Period was one of decline and political instability.
  • The period of the Twenty-first Dynasty was characterized by the country's fracturing kingship.
  • Describe the general landscape of the political chaos during Third Intermediate Period

• Development of the Urinary System

  • The urinary system develops from the intermediate mesoderm during prenatal development.
  • The urogenital system arises during the fourth week of development from urogenital ridges in the intermediate mesoderm on each side of the primitive aorta.
  • The mesonephros is functional for only a short period of time and remains as the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct.
  • Urine formation begins towards the end of the first trimester (weeks 11 to 12) and continues throughout fetal life.
  • Intermediate mesenchyme or intermediate mesoderm is a type of embryological tissue called "mesoderm" that is located between the paraxial mesoderm and the lateral plate.

• The Second Intermediate Period

  • The Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650-1550 BCE) spanned the Fourteenth to Seventeenth Dynasties, and was a period in which decentralized rule split Egypt between the Theban-based Seventeenth Dynasty in Upper Egypt and the Sixteenth Dynasty under the Hyksos in the north.
  • The Second Intermediate Period (c. 1782-1550 BCE) marks a time when Ancient Egypt once again fell into disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom, and the start of the New Kingdom.
  • The Hyksos made their first appearance in 1650 BCE and took control of the town of Avaris.
  • With the creation of the Eighteenth Dynasty around 1550 BCE, the New Kingdom period of Egyptian history began with Ahmose I, its first pharaoh, who completed the expulsion of the Hyksos from Egypt and placed the country, once again, under centralized administrative control.
  • Explain the dynamics between the various groups of people vying for power during the Second Intermediate Period

• The Third Intermediate Period

  • The Third Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt last from 1070 BC up to the foundation of the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty in 664 BC.
  • The Third Intermediate Period refers to the time in Ancient Egypt that began with the death of Pharaoh Ramesses XI in 1070 BC, which ended the New Kingdom.
  • The period was one of decline and political instability, marked by division of the state for much of the period and conquest and rule by foreigners.
  • The temple network become a dominant sphere in this period following the decentralization and weakness of the royal authority.
  • Evaluate the importance of the temple network during the Third Intermediate Period in Egyptian history.

• Genetic Defects from Radiation

  • Initial stage: the first 1–9 weeks; the period with the greatest number of deaths—90 percent due to thermal injury and/or blast effects and 10 percent due to super-lethal radiation exposure.
  • Intermediate stage: from 10–12 weeks; deaths in this period are from ionizing radiation in the median lethal range.
  • Late period: lasting from 13–20 weeks; this period shows some improvement in survivors' conditions.
  • Delayed period: from 20+ weeks; characterized by a variety of complications.

• Characteristics and Evolution of Amphibians

  • The fossil record provides evidence of the first tetrapods: now-extinct amphibian species dating to nearly 400 million years ago.
  • These changes occurred over a span of 50 million years during the Devonian period.
  • Therefore, it is thought that Acanthostega lived in shallow waters and was an intermediate form between lobe-finned fishes and early, fully terrestrial tetrapods.
  • This led to the widespread distribution of tetrapods during the early Carboniferous period: sometimes called the "Age of the Amphibians."
  • The recent fossil discovery of Tiktaalik roseae suggests evidence for an animal intermediate to finned fish and legged tetrapods.

• The Decline of Ancient Egypt

  • Ancient Egypt went through a series of occupations and suffered a slow decline over a long period of time.
  • First occupied by the Assyrians, then the Persians, and later the Macedonians and Romans, Egyptians would never again reach the glorious heights of self-rule they achieved during previous periods.
  • Ancient Egypt went through a series of occupations and suffered a slow decline over a long period of time.
  • First occupied by the Assyrians, then the Persians, and later the Macedonians and Romans, Egyptians would never again reach the glorious heights of self-rule they achieved during previous periods.
  • Persian rule was restored briefly in 343 BCE, known as the Thirty-first Dynasty, but in 332 BCE, Egypt was handed over peacefully to the Macedonian ruler, Alexander the Great.