first breath

Examples of first breath in the following topics:

• Adjustments of the Infant at Birth

  • Post birth, an infant's physiology must adapt to breathing independently, changes in blood flow and energy access, and a cold environment.
  • The first challenge of a newborn is to perfuse its body by breathing independently instead of utilizing placental oxygen.
  • This triggers it to take the first breath within about 10 seconds of delivery.
  • With the first breaths, there is a fall in pulmonary vascular resistance and an increase in the surface area available for gas exchange.
  • At this point, rhythmic breathing movements also commence.

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

  • If the rate of airflow is too low, a person with COPD may not be able to completely finish breathing out (expiration) before he or she needs to take another breath.
  • This is particularly common during exercise, when breathing has to be faster.
  • A little of the air of the previous breath remains within the lungs when the next breath is started, resulting in an increase in the volume of air in the lungs, a process called dynamic hyperinflation.
  • The diagnosis of COPD is confirmed by spirometry, a test that measures the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), which is the greatest volume of air that can be breathed out in the first second of a large breath.
  • Spirometry also measures the forced vital capacity (FVC), which is the greatest volume of air that can be breathed out in a whole, large breath.

• Plotting Points on a Graph

  • To display values for "lung capacity" (first variable) and how long that person could hold his breath, a researcher would choose a group of people to study, then measure each one's lung capacity (first variable) and how long that person could hold his breath (second variable).
  • The researcher would then plot the data in a scatter plot, assigning "lung capacity" to the horizontal axis, and "time holding breath" to the vertical axis.
  • A person with a lung capacity of 400 ml who held his breath for 21.7 seconds would be represented by a single dot on the scatter plot at the point $(400, 21.7)$.

• Scatter Diagram

  • To display values for "lung capacity" (first variable) and how long that person could hold his breath, a researcher would choose a group of people to study, then measure each one's lung capacity (first variable) and how long that person could hold his breath (second variable).
  • The researcher would then plot the data in a scatter plot, assigning "lung capacity" to the horizontal axis, and "time holding breath" to the vertical axis.
  • A person with a lung capacity of 400 ml who held his breath for 21.7 seconds would be represented by a single dot on the scatter plot at the point (400, 21.7) in the Cartesian coordinates.

• The Work of Breathing

  • The number of breaths per minute is the respiratory rate; under non-exertion conditions, the human respiratory rate averages around 12–15 breaths/minute.
  • There are two ways to keep the alveolar ventilation constant: increase the respiratory rate while decreasing the tidal volume of air per breath (shallow breathing), or decrease the respiratory rate while increasing the tidal volume per breath.
  • When a balloon is first inflated, it takes a large amount of effort to stretch the plastic and start to inflate the balloon.
  • A change in either can dramatically alter breathing and the ability to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
  • They breathe at a very high lung volume to compensate for the lack of airway recruitment.

• Breathing Patterns

  • Breathing is an autonomic process that moves air in and out of the lungs.
  • Breathing patterns refer to the respiratory rate, which is defined as the frequency of breaths over a period of time, as well as the amount of air cycled during breathing (tidal volume).
  • The respiratory rate is frequency of breaths over time.
  • During normal breathing, the volume of air cycled through inhalation and exhalation is called tidal volume (VT), and is the amount of air exchanged in a single breath.
  • Dyspnea: commonly called shortness of breath.

• Types of Breathing

  • Types of breathing in humans include eupnea, hyperpnea, diaphragmatic, and costal breathing; each requires slightly different processes.
  • 2) Diaphragmatic breathing: a mode of breathing that requires the diaphragm to contract.
  • This type of breathing is also known as deep breathing.
  • 3) Costal breathing: a mode of breathing that requires contraction of the intercostal muscles.
  • This type of breathing is also known as shallow breathing.

• Hantavirus

  • The name hantavirus comes from the Hantaan River area in South Korea, where the first known strain - Hantaan virus (HTNV) - was isolated in 1978.
  • HPS has been identified throughout the United States, and was first recognized in 1993 in the southwest where it was originally referred to as the "Four Corners disease. " The symptoms are very similar to those of HFRS.
  • Additionally, patients will develop difficulty breathing, coughing and shortness of breath, and may lead to cardiovascular shock.
  • Sickness begins with fever and muscle aches, followed by shortness of breath and coughing.

• The Reason for Breathing

  • Breathing allows for the delivery oxygen to internal tissues and cells where it is needed, and allows for the removal of CO2.
  • Breathing is the physiological process that moves air in and out of the lungs in terrestrial vertebrates.
  • Respiration is often referred to as breathing, but it can also mean cellular respiration, which is the main reason why breathing is important.
  • The respiratory system facilitates breathing.
  • One of the primary reasons for breathing is to regulate blood pH so that respiratory acidosis and alkalosis don't occur.

• Thoracic Cage: Ribs

  • The thoracic cage can expand and contract to facilitate breathing in association with the diaphragm; it also protects the lungs, heart, and other organs of the thoracic cavity.
  • The first five ribs are termed true ribs because they attach directly to the sternum through the costal cartilage.
  • The first thoracic vertebra has a rib attached to it that curves across to the sternum.