Examples of facilities layout in the following topics:
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- In this unit, we're going to focus on facility design and layout.
- Facility managers should consider several factors when designing the layout of a facility to achieve maximum effectiveness.
- Make sure that same is true of your facilities layout.
- Office facility layout is harder to quantify than factory facilities layout, but the goal should be to minimize communication costs and maximize productivity.
- Your industry can also influence the facilities layout design.
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- Earlier in this chapter, we described the efficiencies that repetitive process layouts provide.
- Repetitive process layouts are perfectly suited for driving out non-value-added activities and transitioning to a JIT environment.
- Intermittent layouts feature dozens or even hundreds of different paths through the facility.
- In contrast, cell layouts promote JIT goals by featuring unidirectional product flows, high visibility, and fast throughput times.
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- unnecessary transportation (material handling, customer travel through a facility, etc. )
- In a manufacturing setting, there are six major ways to pursue JIT goals: inventory reduction to expose waste, use of a "demand-pull" production system, quick setups to reduce lot sizes, uniform plant loading, flexible resources, and cellular flow layouts.
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- Raw materials and components are routed through the facility according to the type and order of manufacturing activities necessary to produce the finished items.
- Exhibit 28 illustrates how two different products, "A63" and "B5" make their way through an intermittent process layout.
- The units flow through the facility in a uniform pattern until they are completed and shipped to the customer.
- A compromise solution is the cellular process layout that captures the advantages of both intermittent and repetitive processes.
- By setting up multiple dedicated cells, the facility can efficiently produce a wide variety of products (Exhibit 30).
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- Modern prison designs have sought to increasingly restrict and control the movement of prisoners throughout the facility, while permitting a maximal degree of direct monitoring by a smaller prison staff.
- As compared to traditional large landing-cellblock designs, which were inherited from the 19th century and which permitted only intermittent observation of prisoners, many newer prisons are designed in a decentralized "popular" layout.
- In the United States, "jail" and "prison" refer to separate levels of incarceration; generally speaking, jails are county or city administrated institutions which house both inmates awaiting trial on the local level, and convicted misdemeanants serving a term of one year or less, while prisons are state or federal facilities housing convicted felons serving a term of more than one year.
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- For example, if an organization makes furniture, some of the operations management decisions involve the purchasing of wood and fabric, the hiring and training of workers, the location and layout of the furniture factory, and the purchase of cutting tools and other fabrication equipment.
- In another example, the owners of a restaurant must make important decisions regarding the location, layout, and seating capacity of the restaurant, the hiring, training, and scheduling of chefs and servers, the suppliers of fresh food at the right prices, and the purchase of stoves, refrigerators, and other food preparation equipment.
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- Figure 4.6 shows the same graph using Layout>Circle, and selecting the "generalist-specialist" (i.e. the circle or square node type) as the organizing criterion.
- In each of the different layouts we've discussed so far, the distances between the nodes are arbitrary, and can't be interpreted in any meaningful way as "closeness" of the actors.
- There are several other commonly used graphic layouts that do try to make the distances and/or directions of locations among the actors somewhat more meaningful.
- Figure 4.7 was generated using the Layout>Graph Theoretic Layout>MDS tool of NetDraw.
- Consider one last example of rendering the same data, this time using NetDraw's unique built-in algorithm for locating points (Layout>Graph Theoretic Layout>Spring Embedding).
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- $F$-tests are used for other statistical tests of hypotheses, such as testing for differences in means in three or more groups, or in factorial layouts.
- These $F$-tests are generally not robust when there are violations of the assumption that each population follows the normal distribution, particularly for small alpha levels and unbalanced layouts.
- However, for large alpha levels (e.g., at least 0.05) and balanced layouts, the $F$-test is relatively robust.