external beam therapy

Examples of external beam therapy in the following topics:

• Therapeutic Uses of Radiation

  • Radiation therapy uses ionizing radiation to treat conditions such as hyperthyroidism, cancer, and blood disorders.
  • It may also be used as part of curative therapy, to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery, or to remove a primary malignant tumor.
  • When external beam therapy is used, shaped radiation beams are aimed from several angles of exposure to intersect at the tumor, providing a much larger absorbed dose there than in the surrounding, healthy tissue .
  • Radiation therapy is in itself painless.
  • Radiation therapy of the pelvis.

• Medical Imaging and Diagnostics

  • Radiation therapy uses ionizing radiation to treat conditions such as hyperthyroidism, cancer, and blood disorders.
  • It may also be used as part of curative therapy, to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery, or to remove a primary malignant tumor.
  • When external beam therapy is used, shaped radiation beams are aimed from several angles of exposure to intersect at the tumor, providing a much larger absorbed dose there than in the surrounding, healthy tissue .
  • Radiation therapy is in itself painless.
  • Radiation therapy of the pelvis.

• Dosimetry

  • The equipment used in radiotherapy (a linear particle accelerator in external beam therapy) is routinely calibrated using ionization chambers or the new and more accurate diode technology.

• Other Approaches to Therapy

  • Expressive therapies use the creative arts as a form of therapy; systemic therapies emphasize the treatment of a system rather than an individual.
  • Expressive therapy, also known as expressive arts therapy and creative arts therapy, is the use of the creative arts as a form of therapy.
  • "Expressive therapy" is a general term for many types of therapy.
  • Music therapy is used with schizophrenic patients to ameliorate many of the symptoms of the disorder, and individual studies of patients undergoing music therapy have showed diminished symptoms (such as reduced flattened affect, reduced speech issues, and increased interest in external events).
  • Systemic therapy has its roots in family therapy, or more precisely, family systems therapy, as it later came to be known.

• Examples and Applications

  • Cyclotrons accelerate charged particle beams using a high frequency alternating voltage which is applied between two "D"-shaped electrodes (also called "dees").
  • Their radius will increase until the particles hit a target at the perimeter of the vacuum chamber, or leave the cyclotron using a beam tube, enabling their use.
  • The particles accelerated by the cyclotron can be used in particle therapy to treat some types of cancer.
  • Additionally, cyclotrons are a good source of high-energy beams for nuclear physics experiments.
  • The magnetron is a self-oscillating device requiring no external elements other than a power supply.

• Holography

  • In addition, however, part of the light beam must be shone directly onto the recording medium - this second light beam is known as the reference beam (]).
  • To prevent external light from interfering, holograms are usually taken in darkness, or in low level light of a different color from the laser light used in making the hologram.
  • The first element is a beam splitter that divides the beam into two identical beams, each aimed in different directions:
  • One beam (known as the illumination or object beam) is spread using lenses and directed onto the scene using mirrors.
  • In addition, however, part of the light beam must be shone directly onto the recording medium - this second light beam is known as the reference beam.

• Psychodynamic and Psychoanalytic Therapy

  • Compared to other forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy emphasizes the relationship between client and therapist as an agent of change.
  • There are several forms of psychodynamic psychotherapy, such as interpersonal therapy (IPT) and person-centered therapy.
  • IPT is a structured, supportive approach that strives to connect the external, such as interpersonal struggles, with the internal, such as an individual's mood.
  • Person-centered therapy is less structured and non-directive.
  • In 2013, the world's largest randomized controlled trial on therapy with anorexia outpatients, the ANTOP study, proved modified psychodynamic therapy to be more effective than cognitive behavioral therapy in the long term.

• Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies

  • Cognitive therapy (CT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are closely related; however CBT is an umbrella category of therapies that includes cognitive therapy.
  • The category refers to behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and therapies based on a combination of basic behavioral and cognitive principles and research, including dialectical behavior therapy.
  • At its most basic level, it is a combination of cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy.
  • Modern forms of CBT include a number of diverse but related techniques such as exposure therapy, stress inoculation training, cognitive processing therapy, cognitive therapy, relaxation training, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), which is discussed in more detail below.
  • Specifically, critics argue that since CBT holds that external stimuli from the environment enter the mind, causing different thoughts that lead to emotional states, there is no room in CBT theory for agency, or free will.

• Center of Mass of the Human Body

  • First, let's take two scales and a wooden beam (H meter long), long enough to contain the entire body of the subject.
  • Put the scales H meters apart, and place the beam across the scales, as illustrated in .
  • Now, let the subject lie on the beam.
  • Make sure that his/her heels are aligned with one end of the beam.
  • The system (person+beam) has three external forces: gravity on the subject (FCM), and normal forces from the scales F1 and F2.

• Behavior Therapy and Applied Behavioral Analysis

  • Behavior therapy stands apart from insight-based therapies (such as psychoanalytic and humanistic therapy) because the goal is to teach clients new behaviors to minimize or eliminate problems, rather than digging deeply into their subconscious or uncovering repressed feelings.
  • Behaviorism focuses on learning that is brought about by a change in external behavior, achieved through a repetition of desirable actions and the rewarding of good habits and the discouragement of bad habits.
  • Exposure therapy was first reported in 1924 by Mary Cover Jones, who is considered the mother of behavior therapy.
  • In the second half of the 20th century, many therapists coupled behavior therapy with the cognitive therapy of Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis, forming cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
  • Some have argued that certain types of behavior therapy may make a patient too dependent on external rewards rather than internal motivation to change.