English Restoration

Examples of English Restoration in the following topics:

• Restoration of the Stuarts

  • Over a decade after Charles I's 1649 execution and Charles II's 1651 escape to mainland Europe, the Stuarts were restored to the English throne by Royalists in the aftermath of the slow fall of the Protectorate.  
  • The Committee of Safety sent Lambert with a large force to meet George Monck, who was in command of the English forces in Scotland, and either negotiate with him or force him to come to terms.
  • The Presbyterian members, excluded in Pride's Purge of 1648, were recalled, and on December 24 the army restored the Long Parliament.
  • King Charles II, the first monarch to rule after the English Restoration.
  • Evaluate why the Stuarts were brought back and restored to the English throne

• England and the High Seas

  • In 1603, James VI, King of Scots, ascended (as James I) to the English throne and in 1604 negotiated the Treaty of London, ending hostilities with Spain.
  • To ensure that the increasingly healthy profits of this trade remained in English hands, Parliament decreed in 1651 Navigation Acts that only English ships would be able to ply their trade in English colonies.
  • English tactical improvements resulted in a series of crushing victories in 1653, bringing peace on favorable terms.
  • This was the first war fought largely, on the English side, by purpose-built, state-owned warships.
  • After the English monarchy was restored in 1660, Charles II re-established the Navy, but from this point on, it ceased to be the personal possession of the reigning monarch, and instead became a national institution – with the title of "The Royal Navy."

• Elizabeth I and English Patriotism

  • The reign of Elizabeth I was marked by the restoration of the Protestant Church of England and competition with powerful Spain that both fueled a sense of modern English national identity.
  • The siege of Antwerp in the summer of 1585 by the Duke of Parma necessitated some reaction on the part of the English and the Dutch.
  • However, the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1587 ended Philip's hopes of placing a Catholic on the English throne.
  • In 1588, he sent a fleet, the Spanish Armada, across the English Channel.
  • Elizabeth established an English church that helped shape a national identity and remains in place today.

• The English Protectorate

  • As a very religious man (Independent Puritan), he aimed to restore liberty of conscience and promote both outward and inward godliness throughout England.
  • This involved secret preparations for an attack on the Spanish colonies in the Caribbean and resulted in the invasion of Jamaica, which then became an English colony.
  • Despite failing to restore the Crown, this new constitution did set up many of the vestiges of the ancient constitution including a house of life peers (in place of the House of Lords).
  • A year later monarchy was restored.  
  • In early 1649, the Confederates allied with the English Royalists, who had been defeated by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War.

• Maryland

  • Maryland was established in 1632 as a haven for English Roman Catholics in the New World.
  • The province began as a proprietary colony of the English Lord Baltimore and as a haven for English Roman Catholics in the New World.
  • From 1644 to 1646, the "Plundering Time" was a period of civil unrest caused by the tensions of the English Civil War (1641–1651).
  • In 1654, after the Third English Civil War (1649–1651), Puritan rebels briefly seized control of the province.
  • Full religious toleration would not be restored in Maryland until the American Revolution.

• The First Stuarts and Catholicism

  • The break with Rome was effected by a series of acts of Parliament but Catholic Mary I restored papal jurisdiction in 1553.
  • However, Mary's successor, Elizabeth I, restored the Church of England and reasserted the royal supremacy in 1559.
  • Moreover, the treaty placed under French command an English naval force that would be used to suppress the Protestant Huguenots at La Rochelle.
  • In January 1629, Charles opened the second session of the English Parliament. 
  • The escalating conflict between the king and the Parliament resulted in what is known as the English Civil War (1642–1651).

• The Meiji Restoration

• The Anglican Church

  • Henry VIII ascended the English throne in 1509 at the age of 17.
  • The medieval heresy laws were restored and 283 Protestants were burnt at the stake for heresy.
  • Full restoration of the Catholic faith in England to its pre-Reformation state would take time.
  • However, Mary's death in November 1558, childless and without having made provision for a Catholic to succeed her, would undo her work to restore the Catholic Church in England.
  • The English Reformation 04:36 - Chapter 2.

• The Hundred Years' War

  • After the disastrous reign of Edward II, which saw military losses and the Great Famine, Edward III reigned from 1327–1377, restored royal authority and went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe.
  • With respect to the belligerents, English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture.
  • After the invasion of 1419, Henry V and, after his death, his brother John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, brought the English to the height of their power in France, with an English king crowned in Paris.
  • English, and later British, monarchs would continue to claim the French throne until 1800.
  • On 23 May 1430, she was captured at Compiègne by the English-allied Burgundian faction, was later handed over to the English, and then put on trial by the pro-English Bishop of Beauvais Pierre Cauchon on a variety of charges, was convicted on 30 May 1431 and burned at the stake when she was about 19 years old.

• Rhode Island

  • Rhode Island was formed as an English colony by Roger Williams and others fleeing prosecution from Puritans.
  • Although many people assume Puritans escaped England to establish religious freedom, they proved to be just as intolerant as the English state church.
  • They sought recognition together as an English colony in 1643 in response to threats to their independence.
  • Following the 1660 restoration of royal rule in England, Rhode Island sought a Royal Charter from the new king, Charles II.
  • The dominion was extremely unpopular, and after the 1688 Glorious Revolution deposed James and brought William and Mary to the English throne, the dominion collapsed, and Rhode Island resumed its previous government.