Examples of empirical rule in the following topics:
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- It was the first centralized nation-state and during expansion in
approximately 550-500 BCE it became the first global empire and eventually ruled
over significant portions of the ancient world.
- The
empire was ruled by a series of monarchs who joined its disparate tribes by
constructing a complex network of roads.
- At its height, the Achaemenid Empire ruled over 44% of the world's
population, the highest such figure for any empire in history.
- At its height, the
Achaemenid Empire ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest figure
for any empire in history.
- Under his rule, the empire assimilated all the civilized states of the ancient
Near East and eventually conquered most of Southwest Asia and much of Central
Asia and the Caucasus.
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- The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in ancient India, ruled by the Maurya dynasty from 322–185 BCE.
- The Maurya Empire was one of the largest empires of the world in its time.
- It declined for about 50 years after Ashoka's rule ended, and it dissolved in 185 BCE with the foundation of the Shunga dynasty in Magadha.
- At its greatest extent, the empire ruled by the Nanda Dynasty extended from Bengal in the east, to the Punjab region in the west and as far south as the Vindhya Range.
- By 320 BCE the empire had fully occupied Northwestern India.
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- Emperor Diocletian institutionalized the Tetrarchy, a co-rule that re-established stability in the empire for the period of Diocletian's reign.
- Diocletian achieved stability by establishing the Tetrarchy, Greek for "rule by four."
- The Tetrarchy consisted of four emperors reigning over two halves of the empire.
- The portraiture symbolizes the concept of co-rule and cohesiveness instead of the power of the individual.
- Despite the culmination of this artistic style, the rendering of the Tetrarchs in this manner seems to fit the connotations of Tetrarch rule and need for stability throughout the empire.
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- The Maurya Dynasty was an extensive empire that occupied all of northwestern India from 321-185 BCE.
- The Maurya Empire was a powerful Iron Age empire in ancient India ruled by the Maurya Dynasty from 321-185 BCE.
- Founded by Chandragupta Maurya, who overthrew the previous Nanda Dynasty, by 320 BCE the empire had fully occupied Northwestern India.
- The second emperor of the Maurya Dynasty was the son of Chandragupta, who expanded the empire further but never achieved the same level of notoriety as his own son, Ashoka.
- The works from this empire represent the earliest surviving remnants of monumental sculpture.
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- Alexander instituted a number of policies that contributed to the Hellenization of his empire, including the mixing of Greek and Asian cultural customs.
- It seems likely that Alexander himself pursued deliberate "Hellenization" policies.While these policies could have been an attempt to spread Greek culture, it is more likely that his policies were a series of pragmatic measures designed to aid in the rule of his enormous empire.
- The first tenet of Alexander's policies was the founding (or re-founding) of cities across the empire.This has, in the past, been interpreted as part of Alexander's desire to spread Greek culture throughout the empire.
- Second, Alexander attempted to create a unified ruling class of Persians and Greeks bound by marriage ties.He used both Greeks and Persians in positions of power, although he depended more on Greeks in unstable positions, and also replaced many Persian satraps in a purge after his return from India.He also attempted to mix the two cultures by adopting elements of the Persian court (such as a version of the royal robes and some of the court ceremony and attendants) and attempting to insist on the practice of proskynesis for his Greek subjects.He likely had intentions to equalize the two races in their behavior towards Alexander as 'Great King', but his actions were bitterly resented by the Macedonians, as the Greek custom was reserved solely for the gods.This policy can be interpreted as an attempt to spread Greek culture, or to create a hybrid culture; however, again, it can also be seen as an attempt to help control the unwieldy empire, as Alexander required loyalty from Persian nobles as much as from his Macedonian officers.A hybrid court culture may have been created so as not to exclude the Persians.Furthermore, Alexander's marriage to, and child with the Bactrian princess Roxane can be interpreted as an attempt to create a royal dynasty which would be acceptable to both Asians and Greeks.
- Explain how Alexander's Hellenization policies simultaneously aided in the ruling of his empire and spread Greek culture
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- The Inca Empire utilized complex road systems, recording tools, and a hierarchical rule of law to oversee the administration of its vast populations.
- The
Inca Empire was a hierarchical system with the emperor, or Inca Sapa,
ruling over the rest of society.
- This system meant that all goods produced within the
empire were immediately property of the ruling elites.
- Taxes
and goods were collected from four distinct suyus, or
districts, that all fed into Cusco and went directly to the ruling
emperor.
- The
populations of each district were expected to contribute to the
wealth of the empire by mining, farming, or doing other manual labor
that would benefit the entire empire.
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- During Europe's High Middle Ages the Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous land empire in history, began to emerge.
- The empire grew rapidly under his rule and then under his descendants, who sent invasions in every direction.
- Mongol invasions and conquests progressed over the next century, until 1300, by which time the vast empire covered much of Asia and Eastern Europe.
- In this environment the largest empire to ever exist helped one of the most influential trade routes in the world, known as the Silk Road, to flourish.
- By the time of Kublai's death in 1294, the Mongol Empire had fractured into four separate empires, or khanates.
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- In
415 CE Chandragupta II was succeeded by his second son, Kumaragupta I, who
ruled successfully until 455 CE.
- Kumaragupta’s
son, Skandagupta, assumed the throne upon his father’s death in 455 CE and
ruled until c. 467 CE.
- He is considered the last of the great Gupta rulers
before the collapse of the empire.
- The empire
thereafter disintegrated into numerous regional kingdoms ruled by chieftains.
- A coin emblazoned with the image of Gupta Dynasty Emperor Skandagupta, who ruled c. 455-467 CE.
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- Formal structure of an organization or group includes a fixed set of rules for intra-organization procedures and structures.
- The formal structure of a group or organization includes a fixed set of rules of procedures and structures, usually set out in writing, with a language of rules that ostensibly leave little discretion for interpretation.
- Formal rules are often adapted to subjective interests giving the practical everyday life of an organization more informality.
- Numerous empirical studies in sociological organization research followed, particularly during the Human Relations Movement—the researchers of organizational development who study the behavior of people in groups, in particular workplace groups.
- A formal organization is a fixed set of rules of intra-organization procedures and structures.
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- The empire was dominated by the House of Habsburg throughout the Early Modern period.
- There were also some areas ruled directly by the Emperor.
- After the Dutch revolt against Spain erupted, the empire remained neutral, de facto allowing the Netherlands to depart the empire in 1581, a succession acknowledged in 1648.
- The long conflict so bled the empire that it never recovered its strength.
- The actual end of the empire came in several steps.