dispersion

Examples of dispersion in the following topics:

• Fruit and Seed Dispersal

  • Some fruits can disperse seeds on their own, while others require assistance from wind, water, or animals.
  • The fruit has a single purpose: seed dispersal.
  • Modifications in seed structure, composition, and size aid in dispersal.
  • Wind is used as a form of dispersal by lightweight seeds, such as those found on dandelions.
  • Summarize the ways in which fruits and seeds may be dispersed

• Species Distribution

  • Individuals of a population can be distributed in one of three basic patterns: they can be more or less equally spaced apart (uniform dispersion), dispersed randomly with no predictable pattern (random dispersion), or clustered in groups (clumped dispersion) .
  • Uniform dispersion is observed in plant species that inhibit the growth of nearby individuals.
  • Random dispersion occurs with dandelion and other plants that have wind-dispersed seeds that germinate wherever they happen to fall in a favorable environment.
  • Clumped dispersions may also result from habitat heterogeneity.
  • Plants with wind-dispersed seeds, such as dandelions, are usually distributed randomly.

• Dispersion Force

  • These London dispersion forces are often found in the halogens (e.g., F2 and I2), the noble gases (e.g., Ne and Ar), and in other non-polar molecules, such as carbon dioxide and methane.
  • London dispersion forces are part of the van der Waals forces, or weak intermolecular attractions.
  • London dispersion forces allow otherwise non-polar molecules to have attractive forces.
  • Explore the role of size and shape in the strength of London dispersion attractions.

• Dispersion: Rainbows and Prisims

  • Dispersion is defined as the spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelengths.
  • Dispersion is defined as the spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelengths.
  • Refraction is responsible for dispersion in rainbows and many other situations.
  • (b) White light is dispersed by the prism (shown exaggerated).
  • This light is refracted and dispersed both as it enters and as it leaves the drop.

• Angsiosperm Fruit

  • Regardless of how they are formed, fruits are an agent of seed dispersal.
  • The variety of shapes and characteristics reflect the mode of dispersal, whether it be wind, water, or animals .
  • Once eaten, tough, undigested seeds are dispersed through the herbivore's feces.
  • A fruit's distinctive shape and specialized characteristics will determine its dispersal mechanism.
  • The winged shape of Alsomitra macrocarpa's seeds allow them to use wind for dispersal.

• Dispersion of the Visible Spectrum

  • Dispersion is the spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelengths.
  • When a light ray enters a medium with a different index of refraction, the light is dispersed, as shown in with a prism.
  • In water, the refractive index varies with wavelength, so the light is dispersed.
  • (b) White light is dispersed by the prism (shown exaggerated).
  • This light is refracted and dispersed both as it enters and as it leaves the drop.

• Range

  • Unlike other more popular measures of dispersion, the range actually measures total dispersion (between the smallest and largest values) rather than relative dispersion around a measure of central tendency.
  • The range is interpreted as the overall dispersion of values in a dataset or, more literally, as the difference between the largest and the smallest value in a dataset.
  • Interpret the range as the overall dispersion of values in a dataset

• Changes in Energy

  • The concept of entropy can be described qualitatively as a measure of energy dispersal at a specific temperature.
  • The entropy of the room decreases as some of its energy is dispersed to the ice and water.
  • In an isolated system such as the room and ice water taken together, the dispersal of energy from warmer to cooler always results in a net increase in entropy.
  • A recently developed educational approach avoids ambiguous terms and describes such spreading out of energy as dispersal.
  • Physical chemist Peter Atkins, for example, who previously wrote of dispersal leading to a disordered state, now writes that "spontaneous changes are always accompanied by a dispersal of energy".

• Measures of Variability of Qualitative and Ranked Data

  • An index of qualitative variation (IQV) is a measure of statistical dispersion in nominal distributions--or those dealing with qualitative data.
  • The variation ratio is a simple measure of statistical dispersion in nominal distributions.
  • This group is more dispersed in terms of gender than a group which is 95% female and has a variation ratio of only 0.05.
  • This group is much more dispersed, religiously, than a group which is 85% Catholic and has a variation ratio of only 0.15.
  • Assess the use of IQV in measuring statistical dispersion in nominal distributions

• Decentralizing Responsibility

  • In decentralized structures, responsibility for decision making is broadly dispersed down to the lower levels of an organization.
  • Decentralization is the process of dispersing decision making authority among the people, citizens, employees, or other elements of an organization or sector.
  • In decentralized structures, responsibility for decision making and accountability are broadly dispersed down to the lower levels of an organization.
  • This dispersion can be intentional or unintentional.