cytokinesis

Examples of cytokinesis in the following topics:

• The Mitotic Phase and the G0 Phase

  • The second portion of the mitotic phase, called cytokinesis, is the physical separation of the cytoplasmic components into the two daughter cells.
  • Cytokinesis, or "cell motion," is the second main stage of the mitotic phase during which cell division is completed via the physical separation of the cytoplasmic components into two daughter cells.
  • Although the stages of mitosis are similar for most eukaryotes, the process of cytokinesis is quite different for eukaryotes that have cell walls, such as plant cells.
  • In cells such as animal cells that lack cell walls, cytokinesis follows the onset of anaphase.
  • During cytokinesis in animal cells, a ring of actin filaments forms at the metaphase plate.

• Meiosis II

  • Meiosis II initiates immediately after cytokinesis, usually before the chromosomes have fully decondensed.
  • Cytokinesis separates the two cells into four unique haploid cells.

• Meiosis I

  • Then cytokinesis, the physical separation of the cytoplasmic components into two daughter cells, occurs without reformation of the nuclei.
  • In nearly all species of animals and some fungi, cytokinesis separates the cell contents via a cleavage furrow (constriction of the actin ring that leads to cytoplasmic division).
  • In plants, a cell plate is formed during cell cytokinesis by Golgi vesicles fusing at the metaphase plate.

• Binary Fission

  • However, the FtsZ protein that plays such a vital role in prokaryotic cytokinesis is structurally and functionally very similar to tubulin, the building block of the microtubules that make up the mitotic spindle fibers that are necessary for eukaryotes.

• Sympatric Speciation

• Archaeplastida

  • Caulerpa species undergo nuclear division, but their cells do not complete cytokinesis, remaining instead as massive and elaborate single cells.

• Fungi Reproduction

  • During budding (a type of cytokinesis), a bulge forms on the side of the cell, the nucleus divides mitotically, and the bud ultimately detaches itself from the mother cell.

• Centrosome

  • They are also defective in spindle positioning and in ability to establish a central localization site in cytokinesis.

• Auxins, Cytokinins, and Gibberellins

  • The stimulating growth factor was found to be cytokinin, a hormone that promotes cytokinesis (cell division).