Examples of cultural factors in the following topics:
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- The size of an organization and the strength of its culture are the biggest contributors to cultural inertia.
- Understanding how to change an organizational culture requires some insight into what creates culture in the first place and how altering those components may impact meaningful cultural development.
- Gerry Johnson's cultural web offers great clarity about how an organizational culture responds to and reflects influencing factors.
- Cummings and Worley identify a useful way to frame the stages or steps in integrating broad organizational change through cultural reform in six stages, which correlates well with the factors identified above.
- When different cultures come together it is wise to expect some degree of culture-clash and differences of opinion.
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- A number of factors constitute the international environment: social, cultural, political, legal, competitive, economic, plus technology.
- Marketers who intend to market their products overseas may be very sensitive to foreign cultures.
- Failure to consider cultural differences is one of the primary reasons for marketing failures overseas.
- This task is not as easy as it sounds as various features of a culture can create an illusion of similarity.
- A number of cultural differences can cause marketers problems in attempting to market their products overseas.
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- Both culture and gender are important factors that influence the development of personality.
- A person's culture is one of the most important environmental factors shaping their personality (Triandis & Suh, 2002).
- These traits may vary from culture to culture based on differing values, needs, and beliefs.
- For example, researchers used the cultural-comparative approach to test the universality of McCrae and Costa’s Five Factor Model.
- These traits vary from culture to culture.
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- The following factors are common considerations that dictate nuanced deviation in cultures as it pertains to decision-making:
- The antithesis is essentially 'counter-culture' culture, which dictates the opposite decision-making influence.
- Reason - Reason does not always factor in equally among different cultures, particularly pertaining to purchasing.
- Tolerance for Ambiguity - A high tolerance for ambiguity or risk taking is 'counter-culture' culture, which dictates a high level of tolerance for going against the grain.
- Decision making in different cultures is the result of both the decision-making models and the decision-making factors.
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- Culture includes many factors, such as:
- Each company has their own unique culture, but in larger organizations diverse and conflicting cultures may exist due to different characteristics of management teams.
- Observable culture simply refers to the parts of an organization's culture that can be observed, such as a symbolic CEO, a business policy, or even a product .
- A company's values play a big role in reflecting their observable culture.
- Recognize the way in which intrinsic organizational culture is transmitted into an observable, public face for organizational culture
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- American culture, for example, values hard work, thrift and achievement.
- There are generally three components of a culture: beliefs, values, and customs.
- Culture can be further divided into subcultures.
- Culture is considered an external factor in influencing consumer behavior.
- Marketing strategies should reflect the culture that is being targeted.
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- Cultural psychology seeks to understand how forces of society and culture influence individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
- Sociocultural factors are the larger-scale forces within cultures and societies that affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals.
- Several subfields within psychology seek to examine these sociocultural factors that influence human mental states and behavior; among these are social psychology (discussed in another section), cultural psychology, and cultural-historical psychology.
- The main tenet of cultural psychology is that mind and culture are inseparable and mutually constitutive, meaning that people are shaped by their culture and their culture is also shaped by them.
- Cultural psychology is often confused with cross-cultural psychology; however, it is distinct in that cross-cultural psychologists generally use culture as a means of testing the universality of psychological processes, rather than determining how local cultural practices shape psychological processes.
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- Organizational culture can be a factor in the survival or failure of an organization, with the sustained high performance of firms like IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Procter & Gamble, and McDonald's seen as a reflection of their organizational cultures.
- Organizational leaders must also be cultural leaders and help facilitate the change from the two old cultures into the one new culture.
- This is done through cultural innovation followed by cultural maintenance.
- Cultural innovation includes:
- Creating a new culture: recognizing past cultural differences and setting realistic expectations for change
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- The components of cultural intelligence, from a general perspective, can be described in terms of linguistics, culture (religion, holidays, social norms, etc.), and geography (or ethnicity).
- As a result, individuals interested in developing their cultural quotient (CQ) are tasked with studying each of these facets of cultural intelligence in order to accurately recognize the beliefs, values, and behaviors of the culture in which they are immersed.
- Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions is particularly interesting, as it allows for a direct quantification of specific cultural values in order to measure and benchmark cultural norms in a relative and meaningful way.
- Masculinity vs. femininity: Somewhat less clear than the other factors, this identifies specific gender roles and measures the ways in which cultures reflect these roles.
- This diagram illustrates the three factors that constitute an effectively intercultural understanding for management: Regional Expertise, Language Proficiency, and Cross-Cultural Competence.
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- The process of ingraining culture into an organization is simply one of communicating and integrating a broad cultural framework throughout the organizational process.
- While there are a variety of cultural perspectives and many organizational elements within a culture, the initial process of instilling culture is relatively consistent from a managerial perspective.
- Determining these factors and communicating them effectively are absolutely critical to successfully instilling organizational culture.
- Stories and myths: Finally, stories are powerful communicators of culture.
- Overall, managers must be aware of their role as cultural ambassadors and their responsibility in creating a context for successfully instilling organizational culture.