Court-packing plan

Examples of Court-packing plan in the following topics:

• Court Packing

  • The Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937, commonly referred to as "the court-packing plan," was proposed by FDR to gain political control over the US Supreme Court.
  • Political opponents referred to Roosevelt's proposal as "the court-packing plan."
  • In February 1937, Roosevelt introduced the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill, frequently called the "court-packing plan."
  • The controversial plan did not violate the Constitution that does not specify the number of Supreme Court justices.
  • Despite the failure of Roosevelt's plan, "the court-packing plan" controversy coincided with and was followed by changes that helped the President gain much more control over the Supreme Court.

• Challenges to the New Deal

  • In the Aftermath of the 1936 election, Roosevelt proposed the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 that would be commonly known as the "court-packing plan."
  • Supreme Court,  one for each member of the court over the age of 70 years and 6 months.
  • While Burton Wheeler, a progressive Democrat from Montana, played the role of the public voice of the alliance that formed in opposition to the court-packing  plan, conservative Democratic senators, Carter Glass, Harry Flood Byrd, and Josiah Bailey, were critical to collecting enough opposing votes in Congress.
  • The court-packing plan strengthened conservative opposition to the New Deal.
  • Roosevelt threatened to overcome judicial opposition to New Deal legislation by "packing" the court with his own appointees.

• Opposition from the Courts

  • Supreme Court.
  • The Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937, frequently called the "court-packing plan," was a legislative initiative proposed by President Roosevelt to add more justices to the U.S.
  • Supreme Court .
  • Opponents viewed the legislation as an attempt to stack the court, leading them to call it the "court-packing plan".
  • Roosevelt was wary of the Supreme Court early in his first term, and his administration was slow to bring constitutional challenges of New Deal legislation before the court.

• Roosevelt's Second Term

  • Beyond this, however, the president recommended to a special congressional session only a permanent national farm act, administrative reorganization, and regional planning measures, which were leftovers from a regular session.
  • The Supreme Court became Roosevelt's primary focus during his second term, after the court overturned many of his programs.
  • This "court packing" plan ran into intense political opposition from his own party, led by Vice President Garner, since it upset the separation of powers and gave the President control over the Court.
  • Roosevelt's proposal to expand the court failed; nevertheless, by 1941, Roosevelt had been able to appoint eight of the nine justices of the court which began to ratify his policies.
  • Both parties gave support to his plans for a rapid build up of the American military, but the isolationists warned that Roosevelt would get the nation into an unnecessary war with Germany.

• Political Critiques of the New Deal

  • After Roosevelt's failed attempt to appoint additional pro-New Deal judges in the Supreme Court (the so-called "court packing plan"), conservative opposition strengthened and unified.
  • In 1934, he proposed the so-called Townsend Plan, which called for a monthly pension for the elderly (all Americans of 60 years old or older).
  • Townsend popularized his Plan through a letter sent to a local newspaper and the idea quickly gained substantial support.
  • Although its critics noted that its execution would be too expensive, what started as a challenge to the New Deal, pushed Roosevelt to offer his own old age pension plan, which was part of his Social Security program.
  • Parrish in the Chicago Tribunes warning FDR's executive branch reorganization plan is a power grab.

• The 18th Amendment

  • The criminal justice system was swamped although police forces and courts had expanded in recent years.
  • Prisons were jam-packed and court dockets were behind in trying to deal with the rapid surge in crimes.

• Constitutional Issues and Compromises

  • Congress, in joint session, would serve as the court of appeal of last resort in disputes between states.
  • Pinckney did also provide for a supreme Federal Judicial Court.
  • Paterson's New Jersey Plan was ultimately a rebuttal to the Virginia Plan.
  • Unsatisfied with the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan, Alexander Hamilton proposed his own plan.
  • Congress, in joint session, would serve as the court of appeal of last resort in disputes between states.

• Memories Can Boost a Business

  • The National Archives and Record Administration oversees more than 10 billion paper records, 30 million photographs, 3.6 million architectural and engineering plans, and the contents of 12 Presidential libraries.
  • They also deprive themselves of a lot of fun and prevent themselves from making good plans.
  • The best guide to the future is the past; keeping good records can act as a bedrock upon which to base sound planning.
  • I verge on being a digital pack rat, yet I never seem to preserve my written communication or keep records of my other activities at work as fully as I ought to.
  • The IRS and the courts, among other official organizations, expect solid proof of what a business tells them.

• The Square Deal

  • During both his terms, Roosevelt tried to extend the Square Deal by pushing the federal courts and Congress to yield to the wishes of the executive branch on all subsequent anti-trust suits.
  • For any railroad that resisted, the Interstate Commerce Commission's conditions would be in effect until a legal decision of a court is issued.
  • Membership in other unions soared, as moderates argued they could produce concrete benefits for workers much sooner than radical Socialists who planned to overthrow capitalism through revolutionary violence.
  • Roosevelt responded to public anger over the abuses in the food packing industry by pushing Congress to pass the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and the Pure Food and Drug Act.

• Employee Retirement Income Security Act

  • ERISA also does not cover plans maintained outside the United States primarily for the benefit of nonresident aliens or unfunded excess benefit plans
  • Requires plans to provide participants with plan information including important information about plan features and funding.
  • Requires plans to establish a grievance and appeals process for participants to get benefits from their plans.
  • Kennedy created the President's Committee on Corporate Pension Plans.
  • ERISA does not require employers to establish pension plans.