Columbian Exchange

(noun)

The widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable diseases, and ideas between the western and eastern hemispheres following the voyage by Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492.

Related Terms

(noun)

The widespread trade of animals, plants, diseases, culture, people (including slaves), and ideas between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres that followed Spain's 1492 voyage to the Americas.

Related Terms

Examples of Columbian Exchange in the following topics:

  • Disease in the New World

    • The transfer of disease between the Old World and New World was part of the phenomenon known as the Columbian Exchange.
    • Estimates of the pre-Columbian population have ranged from 8.4 million to 112.5 million persons, while estimates of indigenous deaths generally range from 2 to 15 million.

  • Changes in American Indian Life

    • With the meeting of the two worlds, animals, insects, plants, cultures, and diseases were carried from one to the other, both deliberately and by chance, in what is called the Columbian Exchange.
    • The high rate of fatalities caused breakdowns in American Indian societies and disrupted generational exchanges of culture.
    • The tribes trained and used horses to ride, carry goods for exchange with neighboring tribes, hunt game, and conduct wars and raids.

  • The Economy Under the Ming Dynasty

    • The Columbian exchange brought crops such as corn with these foreign crops.
    • Many of these markets appeared in the rural countryside, where goods were exchanged and bartered.
    • This was particular the case when landlords decided to reside in the cities, and use income coming from rural land holding to facilitate exchange in the cities.
    • This market involved not only the exchange described above, but also products produced directly for the market.

  • Enduring Cultures

    • The phrase "pre-Columbian era" literally refers only to the time preceding Christopher Columbus's voyages of 1492 [].
    • Many pre-Columbian civilizations established hallmarks which included permanent settlements, cities, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, major earthworks, and complex societal hierarchies.
    • Indigenous peoples of the Americas continue to evolve after the pre-Columbian era.
    • Direct archaeological evidence for such pre-Columbian contacts and transport has been lacking, however.
    • A 2007 paper published in PNAS put forward DNA and archaeological evidence that domesticated chickens had been introduced into South America via Polynesia by late pre-Columbian times.

  • The Mixteca-Puebla Tradition

    • The Mixteca-Puelba tradition of artistry originates from the pre-Columbian Mixtec peoples from the region of Puebla, Mesoamerica.
    • In pre-Columbian times, the region was inhabited by people of many ethnicities, including the Mixteca.
    • The temples of a Pre-Columbian Maya walled city are situated on 12-meter tall cliffs in Tulum in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico; a mural can still be seen on the eastern wall that resembles the Mixteca-Puebla style of art.

  • The White City, Chicago and the World Columbian Exposition

    • The World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago was an international fair whose grandeur symbolized emerging American exceptionalism.
    • The World's Columbian Exposition, also known as The Chicago World's Fair, was a fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492.
    • The World's Columbian Exposition was the first world's fair with an area for amusements that was strictly separated from the exhibition halls.
    • Evaluate the significance of the Chicago World Columbian Exposition in 1893

  • The Caral Civilization

    • The Caral civilization (also known as the Norte Chico civilization and as Caral-Supe) was a complex pre-Columbian society, located  in what is now the Norte Chico region of north-central coastal Peru, near Supe, Barranca province, Peru (200 km north of Lima).
    • In archaeological nomenclature, Norte Chico civilizations are pre-ceramic cultures of the pre-Columbian Late Archaic; they completely lacked ceramics and apparently had almost no art.
    • Archaeological evidence suggests use of textile technology and, possibly, the worship of common god symbols, both of which recur in pre-Columbian Andean cultures.

  • Metal Exchange Reactions

    • Alternative methods of preparing a wide variety of organometallic compounds generally involve an exchange reaction in which a given metal is either moved to a new location or replaced by a new metal, which may include B, Al, Ti, V, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ru, Pd, Sn, Pt, Hg & Pb.
    • Five such exchange methods are outlined in the following tables.

  • Introducing Exchange Rates

    • In finance, an exchange rate between two currencies is the rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another.
    • In finance, an exchange rate (also known as a foreign-exchange rate, forex rate, or rate) between two currencies is the rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another.
    • For example, an inter-bank exchange rate of 91 Japanese yen (JPY, ¥) to the United States dollar (USD, US$) means that ¥91 will be exchanged for each US$1 or that US$1 will be exchanged for each ¥91.
    • The spot exchange rate refers to the current exchange rate.
    • Explain the concept of a foreign exchange market and an exchange rate

  • Innovation and Limitation

    • The pre-Columbian inhabitants of North and South America brought innovation in agriculture, mathematics, architecture, and other subjects.
    • The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of North and South America and their descendants.
    • This created the Pre-Columbian savannas of North America.