cognitive distortion

Examples of cognitive distortion in the following topics:

• Cognitive Biases

  • Perceptual distortions, such as cognitive bias, can result in poor judgement and irrational courses of action.
  • A cognitive bias is a pattern of deviation in judgment that occurs in particular situations and can lead to perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, illogical interpretation, or what is broadly called irrationality.
  • A few useful perceptual distortions managers should be aware of include:
  • Perceptual distortion makes them seem crooked.
  • Analyze the complex cognitive patterns that can complicate employee perception and behavior

• Linguistic Relativity

  • Language and thought (or "cognition") tend to interact in a dual and cyclical relationship, a theory known overall as linguistic relativity.
  • There are several different theories that aim to discuss the relationship between cognition and language, and each will be discussed in this chapter.
  • According to the theory that drives cognitive-behavioral therapy, the way a person thinks has a huge impact on what she or he says and does.
  • Problems with our internal dialogue, known as cognitive distortions, can lead to negative behaviors or serious emotional problems.
  • The field of behavioral economics studies the effect of psychological and cognitive factors on individuals' behavior in an economic context.

• Introduction to Personality Disorders

  • ., patterns of cognition, behavior, and emotion) that:
  • differs significantly from the norms and expectations of their culture in two or more of the following areas: cognition, affect, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control;
  • Someone diagnosed with a personality disorder may experience difficulties in cognition, emotion, impulse control, and interpersonal functioning.
  • Schizotypal personality disorder: Characterized by a pattern of extreme discomfort interacting socially, and distorted cognitions and perceptions.

• Time Pressure as a Barrier to Decision Making

  • Just as individual characteristics and cognitive biases can shape decision making, time pressure can also distort how we consider and choose between alternatives.

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

  • .); negative alterations in cognitions and mood (such as decreased capacity to feel certain feelings or distorted self-blame); and alterations in arousal and reactivity (such as difficulty sleeping, problems with anger or concentration, reckless behavior, or heightened startle response).
  • The psychotherapy programs with the strongest demonstrated efficacy include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), variants of exposure therapy, stress inoculation training (SIT), variants of cognitive therapy (CT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and many combinations of these procedures.
  • EMDR and trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TFCBT) were recommended as first-line treatments for trauma victims in a 2007 review.
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) seeks to change the way a trauma victim feels and acts by changing the patterns of thinking and/or behavior responsible for negative emotions.

• Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies

  • Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies address the interplay between dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors, and biased cognitions.
  • Cognitive therapy (CT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are closely related; however CBT is an umbrella category of therapies that includes cognitive therapy.
  • This involves helping patients to develop skills for modifying beliefs, identifying distorted thinking, relating to others in different ways, and changing behaviors.
  • During the 1980s and 1990s, cognitive and behavioral techniques were merged into cognitive-behavioral therapy.
  • Discuss the goals, techniques, and efficacy of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies

• Cognitive Biases as a Barrier to Decision Making

  • Decision making is inherently a cognitive activity, the result of thinking that may be either rational or irrational (i.e., based on assumptions not supported by evidence).
  • Biases distort and disrupt objective contemplation of an issue by introducing influences into the decision-making process that are separate from the decision itself.
  • The most common cognitive biases are confirmation, anchoring, halo effect, and overconfidence.
  • Examine the complex individual influences central to the way in which decision making is pursued, most notably the cognitive, normative, and psychological perspectives

• Art and Illusion

  • Illusions are distortions of the senses, and are often used by artists to create visually intriguing artwork.
  • An illusion is a distortion of the senses, revealing how the brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation.
  • A conventional assumption is that there are physiological illusions, which occur naturally in the world, and cognitive illusions that can be demonstrated by specific visual tricks that say something more basic about how human perceptual systems work.
  • Artists have often played on cognitive illusions in their artwork to produce seemingly impossibly works of art.

• Distortions of Space and Foreshortening

  • Distortion can be wanted or unwanted by the artist.
  • Distortion is usually unwanted when it concerns physical degradation of a work.
  • Radial distortion can usually be classified as one of two main types: barrel distortion and pincushion distortion.
  • Essentially it is just barrel distortion, but only in the horizontal plane.
  • Identify how distortion is both employed and avoided in works of art

• Stages of Cognitive Development

  • Review the four major stages of cognitive development: Piaget's Stages (http://epltt.coe.uga.edu/index.php?