Children's Bureau

Examples of Children's Bureau in the following topics:

• Toward a Welfare State

  • Maternalist reforms provided assistance for mothers and children, expanding the American welfare state.
  • The Children's Bureau was established by President William Howard Taft in 1912.
  • It was the first national government office in the world that focused solely on the well-being of children and their mothers.
  • Taft appointed Julia Lathrop as the first head of the bureau.
  • The Children's Bureau played a major role in the passage and administration of the Sheppard-Towner Act, the first federal grants-in-aid act for state-level children's health programs.

• Maternalist Reform

  • The Children's Bureau under Lathrop (1912-21) and her successors became an administrative unit that not only created child welfare policy but also led its implementation.
  • For many conservative women, the Bureau's focus on maternal and child welfare gave them a role in politics for the first time -- something that the suffrage or women's rights movements had not offered them.
  • The Bureau expanded its budget and personnel to focus on a scientific approach to motherhood in order to reduce infant and maternal mortality, improve child health, and advocate for trained care for children with disabilities.
  • Prior to the reform era, children over the age of seven were imprisoned with adults.
  • The United States Children's Bureau worked extensively with state-level departments of health to advise them on how to use Sheppard-Towner funding.

• Progressives and the Working Class

  • In 1901, Jane Addams founded the Juvenile Protective Association, a nonprofit agency dedicated to protecting children from abuse.
  • In 1903, Mary Harris Jones organized the Children's Crusade, a march of child workers from Kensington, Pennsylvania, to the home of President Theodore Roosevelt in Oyster Bay, New York, bringing national attention to the issue of child labor.
  • In 1909, President Roosevelt hosted the first White House Conference on Children, which continued to be held every decade through the 1970s.
  • In 1912, the United States Children's Bureau was created in order to investigate "all matters pertaining to the welfare of children and child life among all classes of our people. " An alliance of labor and humanitarian groups induced some state legislatures to grant aid to mothers with dependent children.
  • Under pressure from the National Child Labor Committee, nearly every state set a minimum age for employment and limited hours that employers could make children work.

• Childless Couples

  • Census Bureau data, the proportion of childless women 15 to 44 years old was 44.6%, up from 35% in 1976.
  • Census Bureau data, the proportion of childless women 15 to 44 years old was 44.6 percent, up from 35 percent in 1976.
  • Individuals can also be "temporarily childless" but want children in the future.
  • Census Bureau data, the proportion of childless women 15 to 44 years old was 44.6%, up from 35% in 1976.
  • Proponents of child freedom posit that choosing not to have children is no more or less selfish than choosing to have children.

• Child Care

  • Child care involves caring for and supervising a child or children, usually from infancy to age thirteen.
  • Census Bureau Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), over thirty-six percent of families of preschoolers with working mothers primarily relied on child care in the home of a relative, family day care provider or other non-relative.
  • If a parent or extended family is unable to care for the children, orphanages and foster homes are a way of providing for children's care, housing, and schooling.
  • Depending on the number of children in the home, the children utilizing in-home care enjoy the greatest amount of interaction with their caregiver, forming a close bond.
  • Census Bureau Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), over thirty-six percent of families of preschoolers with working mothers primarily relied on child care in the home of a relative, family day care provider, or other non relative.

• Indian Resistance and Survival

  • Bureau of the Census (1894), The Indian Wars under the government of the United States have been more than 40 in number.
  • They have cost the lives of about 19,000 white men, women, and children--including those killed in individual combats-- and the lives of about 30,000 Indians.
  • Census Bureau estimated that about 0.8% of the U.S. population was of American Indian or Alaska Native descent.

• Health Care in the U.S.

  • Health insurance is now primarily provided by the government in the public sector, with 60-65% of healthcare provision and spending coming from programs, such as Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and the Veterans Health Administration.
  • According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2009, there were 50.7 million people in the United States (16.7% of the population) who were without health insurance.
  • Census Bureau's Current Population Survey in 2008 and the 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements–-available here (page 21).

• The Freed Slaves

  • The bureau was created through the Freedmen's Bureau Bill, which was initiated by President Abraham Lincoln, and was intended to last for one year after the end of the Civil War.
  • They had worked hard to establish schools in their communities prior to the advent of the Freedmen's Bureau.
  • The bureau faced many challenges despite its good intentions, efforts, and limited successes.
  • The schools for black children were consistently underfunded compared to schools for white children, even when considered within the strained finances of the postwar South.
  • Two children who were likely emancipated during the Civil War, circa 1870.

• Consumer Products

  • Examples of consumer products are music players, TVs, smart phones, designer clothing, children's toys, and handbags.
  • These products may fall under the purview of agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration, the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, the US Department of Agriculture, the US Department of Transportation, the US Environment Protection Agency, the US Federal Aviation Administration, and the US Coast Guard.

• The Freedmen's Bureau

  • The Bureau was created through the Freedmen's Bureau Bill, which was initiated by President Abraham Lincoln, and was intended to last for one year after the end of the Civil War.
  • Howard, the Bureau was operational until 1871, when it was disbanded under President Ulysses S.
  • Overall, the Bureau spent $5 million to set up schools for blacks.
  • The Bureau faced many challenges despite its good intentions, efforts, and limited successes.
  • Office of the Freedmen's Bureau, Memphis, Tennessee. (1866) From Harper's Weekly