cephalization

Examples of cephalization in the following topics:

• Cephalic Phase

  • The cephalic phase of gastric secretion occurs even before food enters the stomach via neurological signals.
  • The cephalic phase of gastric secretion occurs even before food enters the stomach, especially while it is being eaten.
  • Neurogenic signals that initiate the cephalic phase of gastric secretion originate from the cerebral cortex, and in the appetite centers of the amygdala and hypothalamus.
  • When appetite is depressed this part of the cephalic reflex is inhibited.
  • Cephalic phase causes ECL cells to secrete histamine and increase HCl acid in the stomach.

• Veins of the Upper Limbs

  • The major superficial veins of the upper limb are the cephalic, median cubital and basilic veins.
  • The cephalic vein arises from the dorsal venous network of the hand and passes the elbow anteriorly, continuing up the upper arm to the shoulder.
  • The basilic vein follows a similar path but is located medially to the cephalic vein.
  • At the elbow, the basilic and cephalic veins are linked by the median cubital vein, from which blood is often drawn.

• Neural Responses to Food

  • All three phases of digestive responses to food (the cephalic, gastric, and intestinal stages) are managed through enzymatic neural control.
  • There are three overlapping phases of gastric control: the cephalic phase, the gastric phase, and the intestinal phase.
  • The first phase of ingestion, called the cephalic phase, is controlled by the neural response to the stimulus provided by food.
  • The gastric and salivary secretion in the cephalic phase can also take place at the thought of food.
  • It builds on the stimulation provided during the cephalic phase.

• Anencephaly

  • Anencephaly is a cephalic disorder that results from a neural tube defect that occurs when the cephalic (head) end of the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23rd and 26th day of pregnancy, resulting in the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp.
  • Anencephaly is a cephalic disorder that results from a neural tube defect that occurs when the cephalic (head) end of the neural tube fails to close.

• Superphylum Lophotrochozoa

  • They also show the beginning of cephalization: the evolution of a concentration of nervous tissues and sensory organs in the head of the organism, which is where it first encounters its environment.

• Animal Characterization Based on Body Symmetry

  • The evolution of bilateral symmetry and, therefore, the formation of anterior and posterior (head and tail) ends promoted a phenomenon called cephalization, which refers to the collection of an organized nervous system at the animal's anterior end.