caste

Examples of caste in the following topics:

• Caste Systems

  • Caste as a closed social stratification system in which membership is determined by birth and remains fixed for life; castes are also endogamous, meaning marriage is proscribed outside one's caste, and offspring are automatically members of their parents' caste.
  • Some sociologists suggest that caste systems come in two forms: racial caste systems and non-racial caste systems.
  • Caste is often associated with India.
  • The Nāradasmṛti set out categories of approved marriages between castes.
  • Several statutes recognized offsprings of mixed castes, much like caste system of colonial Spain.

• Cast-Iron Architecture

  • Cast-iron architecture was a prominent style in the Industrial Revolution era when cast iron was relatively cheap, and modern steel had not yet been developed.
  • In the 1850s the cheapness and availability of cast iron led James Bogardus of New York City to advocate and design buildings using cast iron components.
  • Cast iron has some architectural advantages, as well as some serious weaknesses.
  • Cast iron was also used widely in bridge construction for the new railway system, sometimes with horrific results, especially when cast iron girders were used instead of arches.
  • The weakest parts of the bridge were cast iron lugs holding tie bars in place, and cast iron in new bridges was effectively abandoned after the disaster.

• Casting

  • A mold is usually destroyed after the desired number of castings has been made.
  • 'Waste molds' are single-use molds, often used to cast materials such as plastic resin or concrete.
  • Metal is one of the most common materials that artists cast, and the most common process used to cast metal is called the lost-wax casting process, variably known as lost-mold and waste-wax casting.
  • Lost-wax casting is the process of casting an artist's sculpture in a metal, such as gold, silver, bronze, or brass.
  • Lost-wax casting was widespread in Europe until the 18th century at which point the piece-mold process came to dominate.

• The Caste System

  • A caste system developed among Indo-Aryans of the Vedic Period, splitting society into four major groups.
  • These social distinctions may have been more fluid in ancient Aryan civilizations than in modern India, where castes still exist but sociologists are observing inter-caste marriages and interactions becoming more fluid and less rigid.
  • These distinct gender roles may have contributed to the social stratification of the caste system.
  • A page from the manuscript, Seventy-two Specimens of Castes in India.
  • The Rig-Veda influenced the development of the patriarchal society and the caste systems in Aryan India.

• Urinalysis

  • Red blood cell casts – associated with glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, or malignant hypertension
  • Epithelial cell casts- associated with toxin induced actute tubular necrosis, hepatitis, and cytomegalovirus.
  • Hyaline casts- associated with dehydration.
  • The most common type of cast.
  • Bacterial casts- casts associated with urinary tract infection, that may be cultured in order to identify the causative organism of the cast.

• The Vedas

  • The Caste System, or groups based on birth or employment status, has been part of the social fabric of the Indian Subcontinent since ancient times.
  • The passage describing the classes of people derived from the sacrifice of Purusha is the first indication of a caste system.
  • Today the castes still exist in the form of varna, or class system, based on the original four castes described in the Vedas.
  • The caste system as it exists today is thought to be a product of developments following the collapse of British colonial rule in India.
  • During his appearances Gandhi frequently spoke out against the discrimination of the Indian caste system.

• The Bhakti Movement

  • The Bhakti movement also countered the prevalent caste ideology which was dividing Hinduism.
  • They taught that people could cast aside the heavy burdens of ritual and caste and the subtle complexities of philosophy, and simply express their overwhelming love for God.
  • Generally a liberal movement, its denouncement of caste offered recourse for Hindus from the orthodox Brahaminical systems.
  • Of course Bhakti's message of tolerance and love was not often heeded by those ensconced in the societal construct of caste.

• Types of Ballots

  • A ballot is a device used to cast votes in an election; types of ballots include secret ballots and ranked ballots.
  • A ballot is a device used to cast votes in an election, and may be a piece of paper or a small ball used in secret voting.
  • The voter casts his or her ballot in a box at a polling station.
  • The ballot box is also designed to prevent anyone from accessing the votes cast until the close of the voting period .

• Romanesque Sculpture: Reiner of Huy

  • It was made by the lost-wax casting technique, with the basin cast in a single piece.
  • The size was not necessarily exceptional, as both church bells and cauldrons for large households were probably cast at comparable sizes; some church doors that were cast in a single piece, though flat, were much larger.
  • The font sat on twelve oxen (two of which are now missing) which emerged from a stone plinth, a reference to the "molten sea... on twelve oxen" that were cast in bronze for Solomon's temple.

• Art Under the Zhou Dynasty

  • Chinese script cast onto bronzeware such as bells and cauldrons carried over from the Shang dynasty into the Zhou, with continuing changes in style over time and by region.
  • The casting process itself was improved by a new technique, called the lost wax method of production.
  • This example of bronze inscription was cast on the Song ding, ca. 800 BCE.