Carl Jung

(noun)

(26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist who founded analytical psychology. Jung proposed and developed the concepts of the extraverted and the introverted personality, archetypes, and the collective unconscious. His work has been influential in psychiatry and in the study of religion, literature, and related fields.

Related Terms

Examples of Carl Jung in the following topics:

  • Attitude

    • Attitude is one of Carl Jung's 57 definitions in Chapter XI of Psychological Types.
    • Jung's definition of attitude is a "readiness of the psyche to act or react in a certain way."
    • Carl Jung developed a definition of attitude as it relates to the field of Psychology.

  • Neo-Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

    • Four particularly notable Neo-Freudians are Alfred Adler, Erik Erikson, Carl Jung, and Karen Horney.
    • Carl Jung followed in Adler's footsteps by developing a theory of personality called analytical psychology.
    • One of Jung's major contributions was his idea of the collective unconscious, which he deemed a "universal" version of Freud's personal unconscious, holding mental patterns, or memory traces, that are common to all of us (Jung, 1928).
    • Jung also proposed the concept of the persona, referring to a kind of "mask" that we adopt based on both our conscious experiences and our collective unconscious.
    • This photograph shows Carl Jung (front row, right) with Freud (front row, left) and other colleagues.

  • The Nature and Meaning of Dreams

    • While there has always been great interest in the interpretation of human dreams, it was not until the end of the nineteenth century that Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung put forth some of the most widely-known modern theories of dreaming.
    • Carl Jung (who studied under Freud) also believed that dreams had psychological importance, but proposed different theories about their meaning.
    • Jung expanded on Freud's idea that dream content relates to the dreamer's unconscious desires.

  • Psychodynamic Psychology

    • Later, these theories were developed further by Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Melanie Klein, and others.
    • Carl Jung was a Swiss psychotherapist who expanded upon Freud's theories at the turn of the 20th century.
    • A central concept of Jung's analytical psychology is individuation: the psychological process of integrating opposites, including the conscious with the unconscious, while still maintaining their relative autonomy.
    • Jung focused less on infantile development and conflict between the id and superego and instead focused more on integration between different parts of the person.
    • Jung created some of the best-known psychological concepts, including the archetype, the collective unconscious, the complex, and synchronicity.

  • Psychological Approaches to the Self

    • Jung , the Self is one of several archetypes.
    • The Self, according to Jung, is the end product of individuation, which is defined as the process of integrating one's personality.
    • For Jung, the Self could be symbolized by either the circle (especially when divided into four quadrants), the square, or the mandala.
    • In contrast to earlier theorists, Jung believed that an individual's personality had a center.
    • To Jung, the Self is both the whole and the center.

  • Personality Psychology

    • Four notable neo-Freudians include Alfred Adler, Erik Erikson, Carl Jung, and Karen Horney.
    • Adler is known for proposing the concept of the inferiority complex; Erikson proposed the psychosocial theory of development; Jung introduced the concepts of the collective unconscious and the persona; and Horney focused on the role of unconscious anxiety related to early childhood needs.
    • Humanistic psychologists Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers focused on the growth potential of healthy individuals.

  • Psychodynamic and Psychoanalytic Therapy

    • Developed by Carl Rogers, this method of therapy proposes that the function of the therapist is to extend empathy, warmth, and "unconditional positive regard" toward their clients. 
    • Freud coined the term "psychoanalysis," and related  theories were developed further by Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Melanie Klein, Anna Freud, Erik Erikson, and others.

  • Humanistic Psychology

    • Humanism's major theorists were Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Rollo May, and Clark Moustakas; it was also influenced by psychoanalytic theorists, including Wilhelm Reich, who discussed an essentially good, healthy core self, and Carl Gustav Jung, who emphasized the concept of archetypes.
    • Carl Rogers (1902–1987) is best known for his person-centered approach, in which the relationship between therapist and client is used to help the patient reach a state of realization, so that they can then help themselves.
    • Carl Rogers was one of the early pioneers of humanistic psychology, and is best known for his person-centered approach to therapy.

  • Variation in Samples

    • Doreen and Jung each take samples of 500 students.
    • Doreen uses systematic sampling and Jung uses cluster sampling.
    • Doreen's sample will be different from Jung's sample.
    • Even if Doreen and Jung used the same sampling method, in all likelihood their samples would be different.
    • Think about what contributes to making Doreen's and Jung's samples different.

  • Defining Personality

    • Neo-Freudian theorists, such as Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney, expanded on Freud's theories but focused more on the social environment and on the effects of culture on personality.
    • Humanistic psychologists such as Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers believed that people strive to become self-actualized—the "best version" of themselves.