cardiovascular system

Examples of cardiovascular system in the following topics:

• Role of the Cardiovascular Center

  • The cardiovascular system plays a role in body maintenance by transporting hormones and nutrients and removing waste products.
  • The cardiovascular center forms part of the autonomic nervous system and is responsible for regulation of cardiac output.
  • The cardiovascular center can respond to numerous stimuli.
  • The cardiovascular system is composed largely of the circulatory system, or the system of blood vessels that distributes oxygen from the lungs throughout the body.
  • Explain the role of the cardiovascular center in controlling blood pressure

• Blood Flow

  • Blood flow is the continuous running of blood through the cardiovascular system, which consists of the vessels and the heart.
  • Blood flow is the continuous running of blood through vessels in the cardiovascular system (the mammalian cardiovascular system is shown in ).
  • The cardiovascular system, which consists of blood vessels and the heart, helps to distribute nutrients, O2, and other products of metabolism.
  • Both the ventricles are working together in harmony; as tiny amounts of blood are moving in the pulmonary circuit, the remainder of the blood moves through the systemic circuit.

• The Cardiovascular System

  • Both the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are susceptible to diseases caused by microorganisms.
  • Both the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are susceptible to diseases caused by microorganisms.
  • In the cardiovascular system, the heart, the blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins), and the blood are targets of pathogens.
  • Two common cardiovascular diseases caused by infection with microorganisms are endocarditis and myocarditis.
  • During and after the viral infection, the immune system may attack cardiac myosin.

• Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels

  • Its functions include providing sites for certain immune system functions and facilitating plasma circulation in the cardiovascular system.
  • Afferent and efferent lymph vessels are also most concentrated in these areas so they can filter lymph fluid close to the end of the lymphatic system, where fluid is returned into the cardiovascular system.
  • Like cardiovascular capillaries, lymph capillaries are well distributed throughout most of the body's tissues, though they are mostly absent in bone or nervous system tissue.
  • That means the lymphatic system is an open system with linear flow, while the cardiovascular system is a closed system with true circular flow.
  • Describe the structure of the lymphatic system and its role in the immune system and blood circulation

• Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

  • The cardiovascular system has two distinct circulatory paths, pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.
  • The cardiovascular system is composed of two circulatory paths: pulmonary circulation, the circuit through the lungs where blood is oxygenated; and systemic circulation, the circuit through the rest of the body to provide oxygenated blood .
  • Oxygen-depleted blood from the body leaves the systemic circulation when it enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior venae cavae.
  • From the right atrium, the blood will travel through the pulmonary circulation to be oxygenated before returning gain to the system circulation.
  • Coronary circulation, blood supply to the heart muscle itself, is also part of the systemic circulation.

• Distribution of Blood

  • Humans have a closed cardiovascular system, meaning that blood never leaves the network of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
  • Humans have a closed cardiovascular system, meaning that the blood never leaves the network of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
  • Generalized vasoconstriction usually results in an increase in systemic blood pressure, but it may also occur in specific tissues, causing a localized reduction in blood flow.
  • The response may be intrinsic (due to local processes in the surrounding tissue) or extrinsic (due to hormones or the nervous system).
  • Additionally, the response may be localized to a specific organ (depending on the metabolic needs of a particular tissue, as during strenuous exercise), or it may be systemic (seen throughout the entire systemic circulation).

• Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Defenses

  • The circulatory system has a defence against microbial invaders in the form of the lymphatic system.
  • The cardiovascular and lymphatic are both integral parts of the circulatory system.
  • The cardiovascular system basically moves blood throughout the body.
  • While the lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system, comprising a network of conduits called lymphatic vessels.
  • The lymph system is not a closed system.

• Short-Term Neural Control

  • The autonomic nervous system plays a critical role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis.
  • They send impulses to the cardiovascular center to regulate blood pressure.
  • The baroreceptors in the venae cavae and right atrium monitor blood pressure as the blood returns to the heart from the systemic circulation.
  • Other neural mechanisms can also have a significant impact on cardiovascular function.
  • These include the limbic system, which links physiological responses to psychological stimuli, chemoreceptor reflexes, generalized sympathetic stimulation, and parasympathetic stimulation.

• Effects of Exercise on the Heart

  • Aerobic exercise promotes cardiovascular health, while physical inactivity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
  • Exercise has been shown to protect against nearly every type of chronic acquired cardiovascular disease.
  • Training for these events is done predominantly through cardiovascular exercise like running, swimming, and aerobics.
  • Exercise, along with a healthy diet, is effective at preventing chronic acquired cardiovascular diseases for several reasons.
  • Stress causes sympathetic nervous system activation that increases heart rate and blood sugar, as well as the risk for diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

• Circumventricular Organs

  • Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are positioned at distinct sites around the margin of the ventricular system of the brain.
  • CVOs allow for linkage between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral blood flow, and are an integral part of neuroendocrine function.
  • Therefore, they provide direct information to the autonomic nervous system from the systemic circulation.
  • Area postrema: Site of the chemoreceptor trigger zone for vomiting, sends major and minor efferents to sections of the brain involved in the autonomic control of cardiovascular and respiratory activities.
  • The secretory organs are responsible for secreting hormones and glycoproteins into the peripheral vascular system using feedback from both the brain environment and external stimuli.