capital punishment

(noun)

Punishment by death.

Related Terms

Examples of capital punishment in the following topics:

  • The Death Penality

    • Capital punishment is a legal process whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime.
    • Capital punishment is often opposed on the grounds that innocent people will inevitably be executed.
    • Capital punishment is a legal process whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime.
    • Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as "capital crimes" or "capital offenses. " Capital punishment has in the past been practiced by most societies.
    • Capital punishment is often opposed on the grounds that innocent people will inevitably be executed.

  • Promoting the General Welfare

    • Article IV of the Constitution of Massachusetts provides authority for the state to make laws "as they shall judge to be for the good and welfare of this commonwealth. " The actual phrase "general welfare" appears only in Article CXVI, which permits the imposition of capital punishment for "the purpose of protecting the general welfare of the citizens. "
    • Similarly, Article IV of the Constitution of Massachusetts provides authority for the state to make laws "as they shall judge to be for the good and welfare of this commonwealth. " The actual phrase "general welfare" appears only in Article CXVI, which permits the imposition of capital punishment for "the purpose of protecting the general welfare of the citizens. "

  • Formal Means of Control

    • Criminal sanctions can take the form of serious punishment, such as corporal or capital punishment, incarceration, or severe fines.

  • China

    • International human rights organizations have identified a number of potential violations in China, including the use of capital punishment, the application of the one child policy, the denial of independence to Tibet, the absence of a free press, the absence of an independent judiciary with due process, the absence of labor rights, and the absence of religious freedom.

  • Civil Law and Criminal Law

    • Criminal law also sets out the punishment to be imposed on people who do not obey these laws.
    • Criminal law differs from civil law, whose emphasis is more on dispute resolution than in punishment.
    • Civil law differs from criminal law, which emphasizes punishment rather than dispute resolution.
    • Capital punishment is permitted in some states but not others.
    • For example, punishments for drunk driving varied greatly prior to 1990.

  • Managerial Perspectives on Motivation

    • These frameworks can be coupled with concepts of reinforcement and punishment as tools managers use to emphasize or discourage specific behaviors.
    • These include positive and negative reinforcements and positive and negative punishments.
    • As a result, a manager must recognize what level of the hierarchy an employee is on before using reinforcement or punishment.
    • If the employee is more concerned about salary and creating enough capital to live comfortably, a manager could positively reinforce certain behaviors with bonus pay or raises.
    • Similarly, punishments can be effective in emphasizing motivational successes and failures as well.

  • Punishment as a Management Tool

    • Punishment is the imposition of a negative consequence with the goal of reducing or stopping someone's undesirable behavior.
    • In punishment, the rate of the target behavior is decreased by imposing a negative consequence (i.e., "positive punishment") or by removing a pleasant or desired stimulus (i.e., "negative punishment") immediately or shortly after each occurrence of the behavior.
    • Shocking a rat for turning left instead of right in a maze is an example of positive punishment; taking away a child's toy after he hits his brother is an example of negative punishment.
    • In a management context, punishment tools can include demotions, salary cuts, and terminations (fires).
    • Recognize the uses of punishment as a motivational tool in the context of organizational behavio

  • Class, Crime, and the Criminal Justice System

    • For instance someone committing a white collar crime is most likely from the higher classes and is less likely to be reported or punish.
    • Based on a dialectical materialist account of history, Marxism posited that capitalism, like previous socioeconomic systems, would inevitably produce internal tensions leading to its own destruction.
    • That white-collar crimes are less likely to be tracked, less likely to be reported, less likely to be prosecuted, and are more likely to be committed by people in higher social classes suggests that the way crimes are punished in the United States tends to favor the affluent while punitively punishing the less affluent.
    • Within the criminal justice system, there are three basic elements that constitute it: the police, the courts, and punishment.
    • There are four jurisdictions for punishment: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and societal protection.

  • The Fifth Amendment, Self-Incrimination, and Double Jeopardy

    • To "plead the Fifth" is to refuse to answer a question because the response could provide self-incriminating evidence of an illegal act punishable by fines, penalties, or forfeiture.
    • The Double Jeopardy Clause encompasses four distinct prohibitions: subsequent prosecution after acquittal, subsequent prosecution after conviction, subsequent prosecution after certain mistrials, and multiple punishments in the same indictment.
    • United States addresses multiple punishments, including prosecution after conviction.
    • United States (1932), the Supreme Court announced the following test: the government may separately try and punish the defendant for two crimes if each crime contains an element that the other does not.
    • Blockburger is the default rule, unless the legislature intends to depart from it via enacted law; for example, Continuing Criminal Enterprise (CCE) may be punished separately from its predicates, as can conspiracy.

  • The Eighth Amendment and Cruel and Unusual Punishment

    • The Eight Amendment determines the provisions for cruel and unusual punishment.
    • Supreme Court has ruled that this amendment's Cruel and Unusual Punishment clause applies to states.
    • According to the Supreme Court, the Eighth Amendment forbids some punishments entirely, prohibiting other punishments that are deemed excessive when compared to the crime or the competence of the perpetrator.
    • It is up to individual states to decide if death can be considered "cruel and unusual" punishment.
    • As of 2016, 31 states (and the federal government) had death as an acceptable form of punishment.