calvin cycle

(noun)

A series of biochemical reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms.

Related Terms

Examples of calvin cycle in the following topics:

  • Regulation of the Calvin Cycle

    • The Calvin cycle is a process that ensures carbon dioxide fixation in plants.
    • The Calvin cycle is a process utilized to ensure carbon dioxide fixation.
    • During the first phase of the Calvin cycle, carbon fixation occurs.
    • During the second phase of the Calvin cycle, reduction occurs.
    • An overview of the Calvin cycle and the three major phases.

  • Intermediates Produced During the Calvin Cycle

    • The Calvin Cycle involves the process of carbon fixation to produce organic compounds necessary for metabolic processes.
    • The Calvin Cycle is characterized as a carbon fixation pathway.
    • The Calvin Cycle is also referred to as the reductive pentose phosphate cycle or the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle.
    • The following is a brief overview of the intermediates created during the Calvin cycle.
    • Outline the function of the intermediates produced in the major phases of the Calvin Cycle

  • The Calvin Cycle

    • The Calvin cycle is organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration.
    • Other names for light-independent reactions include the Calvin cycle, the Calvin-Benson cycle, and dark reactions.
    • The light-independent reactions of the Calvin cycle can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration.
    • The Calvin cycle has three stages.
    • These energy-carrying molecules are made in the stroma where the Calvin cycle takes place.

  • The Two Parts of Photosynthesis

    • In the light-independent reactions or Calvin cycle, the energized electrons from the light-dependent reactions provide the energy to form carbohydrates from carbon dioxide molecules.
    • The light-independent reactions are sometimes called the Calvin cycle because of the cyclical nature of the process.
    • Photosynthesis takes place in two stages: light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).
    • The Calvin cycle, which takes place in the stroma, uses energy derived from these compounds to make GA3P from CO2.

  • Biosynthesis and Energy

    • The major pathways utilized to ensure fixation of carbon dioxide include: the Calvin cycle, the reductive TCA cycle, and the acetyl-CoA pathway.
    • The Calvin cycle involves utilizing carbon dioxide and water to form organic compounds.
    • The reductive TCA cycle, commonly referred to as the reverse Krebs cycle, also produces carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water.

  • Study of Photosynthesis

    • This reaction occurs in all plants as the first step of the Calvin cycle.

  • CAM and C4 Photosynthesis

    • In contrast to C4 metabolism, which physically separates the CO2 fixation to PEP from the Calvin cycle, CAM temporally separates these two processes.
    • Plants that do not use PEP-carboxylase in carbon fixation are called C3 plants because the primary carboxylation reaction, catalyzed by RuBisCO, produces the three-carbon 3-phosphoglyceric acids directly in the Calvin-Benson cycle.

  • Energy Conservation and Autotrophy in Archaea

    • For example, archaea use a modified form of glycolysis (the Entner–Doudoroff pathway) and either a complete or partial citric acid cycle.
    • This process involves either a highly modified form of the Calvin cycle or a recently discovered metabolic pathway called the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle.
    • In addition, the Crenarchaeota use the reverse Krebs cycle while the Euryarchaeota use the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway.

  • Nitrification

    • Nitrobacter plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle by oxidizing nitrite into nitrate in soil.
    • Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil.
    • Electron and proton cycling are very complex, but as a net result only one proton is translocated across the membrane per molecule of ammonium oxidized.
    • As in sulfur and iron oxidation, NADH for carbon dioxide fixation using the Calvin cycle is generated by reverse electron flow, thereby placing a further metabolic burden on an already energy-poor process.
    • The importance of bacteria in the cycle is immediately recognized as being a key element in the cycle, providing different forms of nitrogen compounds assimilable by higher organisms.

  • Calvinism

    • Calvinism is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and is characterized by the doctrine of predestination in the salvation of souls.
    • Calvinism is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians.
    • These missionaries dispersed Calvinism widely, and formed the French Huguenots in Calvin's own lifetime, as well as causing the conversion of Scotland under the leadership of the cantankerous John Knox in 1560.
    • It vigorously attacked the teachings of those Calvin considered unorthodox, particularly Roman Catholicism to which Calvin says he had been "strongly devoted" before his conversion to Protestantism. 
    • The "Five Points of Calvinism" summarize the faith's basic tenets, although some historians contend that it distorts the nuance of Calvin's own theological positions.