budding

Examples of budding in the following topics:

• Gustation: Taste Buds and Taste

  • The tongue contains papillae, or specialized epithelial cells, which have taste buds on their surface.
  • There are three types of papillae with taste buds in the human gustatory system:
  • Each taste bud is flask-like in shape and formed by two types of cells: supporting cells and gustatory cells.
  • A schematic drawing of a taste bud and its component pieces.
  • Compare the structural similarities and differences among types of taste buds

• Functions of Stems

  • A stem connects the roots to the leaves, provides support, stores food, and holds the leaves, flowers, and buds.
  • Their main function is to provide support to the plant, holding leaves, flowers, and buds; in some cases, stems also store food for the plant.
  • An axillary bud is usually found in the axil (the area between the base of a leaf and the stem) where it can give rise to a branch or a flower.
  • The apex (tip) of the shoot contains the apical meristem within the apical bud.
  • The leaves just above the nodes arise from axillary buds.

• Fungi Reproduction

  • Fungi can reproduce asexually by fragmentation, budding, or producing spores, or sexually with homothallic or heterothallic mycelia.
  • Fungi reproduce asexually by fragmentation, budding, or producing spores.
  • Somatic cells in yeast form buds.
  • During budding (a type of cytokinesis), a bulge forms on the side of the cell, the nucleus divides mitotically, and the bud ultimately detaches itself from the mother cell.
  • Yet others bud off the vegetative parent cell.

• Stem Modifications

  • Vertical shoots may arise from the buds on the rhizome of some plants, such as ginger and ferns.
  • Tubers arise as swollen ends of stolons, and contain many adventitious or unusual buds (familiar to us as the "eyes" on potatoes).
  • Modifications to the aerial stems, vegetative buds, and floral buds of plants perform functions such as climbing, protection, and synthesis of food vegetative propagation .
  • These may develop from either the axillary bud or the terminal bud of the stem.
  • Bulbils are axillary buds that have become fleshy and rounded due to storage of food.

• Types of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

  • Animals may reproduce asexually through fission, budding, fragmentation, or parthenogenesis.
  • Budding is a form of asexual reproduction that results from the outgrowth of a part of a cell or body region leading to a separation from the original organism into two individuals.
  • Budding occurs commonly in some invertebrate animals such as corals and hydras .
  • In hydras, a bud forms that develops into an adult, which breaks away from the main body; whereas in coral budding, the bud does not detach and multiplies as part of a new colony.
  • Hydra reproduce asexually through budding, where a bud forms that develops into an adult and breaks away from the main body.

• Signaling in Yeast

  • Budding yeasts are able to participate in a process that is similar to sexual reproduction that entails two haploid cells combining to form a diploid cell .
  • In order to find another haploid yeast cell that is prepared to mate, budding yeasts secrete a signaling molecule called mating factor.
  • Budding Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells can communicate by releasing a signaling molecule called mating factor.

• Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus

  • Herpes replication entails three phases: gene transcription, viral assembly in the nucleus, and budding through the nuclear membrane.
  • The primary envelope is acquired by budding into the inner nuclear membrane of the cell.
  • The virus acquires its final envelope by budding into cytoplasmic vesicles.

• Viral Exit

  • ., HIV) typically are released from the host cell by budding.
  • It also depends on where the virus 'bud' off from the host.
  • Budding is a method which viruses use to exit the cell.
  • Prior to budding, the virus may put its own receptor onto the surface of the cell in preparation for the virus to bud through, forming an envelope with the viral receptors already on it.
  • Viral budding uses the host's cell membrane eventually causing cell death.

• Planctomycetes

  • They reproduce by budding.
  • In structure, the organisms of this group are ovoid and have a holdfast, called the stalk, at the non-reproductive end that helps them to attach to each other during budding.
  • The sessile cells bud to form the flagellated swarmer cells which swim for a while before settling down to attach and begin reproduction.

• Meristems

  • Meristematic tissues are found in many locations, including near the tips of roots and stems (apical meristems), in the buds and nodes of stems, in the cambium between the xylem and phloem in dicotyledonous trees and shrubs, under the epidermis of dicotyledonous trees and shrubs (cork cambium), and in the pericycle of roots, producing branch roots.
  • The apical meristem, also known as the "growing tip," is an undifferentiated meristematic tissue found in the buds and growing tips of roots in plants .
  • Its main function is to trigger the growth of new cells in young seedlings at the tips of roots and shoots and forming buds.
  • Its main function is to begin growth of new cells in young seedlings at the tips of roots and shoots (forming buds, among other things).