bottom line

Examples of bottom line in the following topics:

• The bottom line

• The bottom line

• Arguments for and against Corporate Social Responsibility

  • Most arguments both for and against CSR are based on how a company's attempts to be socially responsible affect its bottom line.
  • CSR proponents may also argue for the recognition of a "triple bottom line" performance that includes not only financial returns for owners but also social and environmental benefits for the greater society.

• Income Statements

  • This indicates how the revenue (money received from the sale of products and services before expenses are taken out, also known as the "top line") is transformed into the net income (the result after all revenues and expenses have been accounted for, also known as "Net Profit" or the "bottom line").
  • The Single Step income statement takes a simpler approach, totaling revenues and subtracting expenses to find the bottom line.
  • The Multi-Step income statement (as the name implies) takes several steps to find the bottom line, starting with the gross profit.
  • Bottom line is the net income that is calculated after subtracting the expenses from revenue.
  • Since this forms the last line of the income statement, it is informally called "bottom line. " It is important to investors as it represents the profit for the year attributable to the shareholders.

• The Vertical Line Test

  • To use the vertical line test, take a ruler or other straight edge and draw a line parallel to the $y$-axis for any chosen value of $x$.
  • If, alternatively, a vertical line intersects the graph no more than once, no matter where the vertical line is placed, then the graph is the graph of a function.
  • For example, a curve which is any straight line other than a vertical line will be the graph of a function.
  • The straight line in the bottom graph passes the vertical line test at every point, and thus represents a function.
  • The vertical line test demonstrates that a circle is not a function.

• Making a Box Model

  • Typically, a top to the box is placed at the first quartile, the bottom at the third quartile.
  • In between the top and bottom of the box is some representation of central tendency.
  • A common version is to place a horizontal line at the median, dividing the box into two.
  • Another common extension of the box model is the 'box-and-whisker' plot , which adds vertical lines extending from the top and bottom of the plot to, for example, the maximum and minimum values.

• Decentralization

  • A decentralized organization typically has fewer tiers in its organizational structure, wider span of control, and a bottom-to-top flow of ideas an information.
  • For example, if an experienced technician at the bottom of an organization discovers how to potentially increase the efficiency of production, the bottom-to-top flow of information can allow this knowledge to more easily be passed back up to senior management.
  • Another advantage to decentralized organizations is that problems and processes can be solved and changed in a more timely manner given the shorter lines of communication.
  • The shorter lines of communication allow for the needs of customers and employees to be more easily and quickly met, given the fewer levels of management involved.
  • To ensure that decentralized organizations stay on task, upper management needs to maintain open lines of communication and increase the frequency with which they communicate with local management.

• Protonotation

  • In duple and triple meter, downbeats are represented by longer vertical lines, and weak beats are represented by shorter vertical lines.
  • Rests are represented by the lack of horizonal line in a given beat or part of a beat.
  • Then, determine the time signature from the beat value/bottom number provided and from the meter refelected in your protonotation.
  • If no bottom number is provided, choose a convenient one (4 for simple meters and 8 for compound meters are the most typical).
  • Next, each of the long protonotation lines become barlines in staff notation.

• The Lower Class

  • The lower class consists of those at the bottom of the socioeconomic hierarchy who have low education, low income, and low status jobs.
  • The poverty line is defined as the income level at which an individual becomes eligible for public assistance.
  • While only about 12% of households fall below the poverty threshold at one point in time, the total percentage of households that will, at some point during the course of a single year, fall below the poverty line, is much higher.
  • Many such households waver above and below the line throughout a single year.
  • Lower class households are at the greatest risk of falling below this poverty line, particularly if a job holder becomes unemployed.

• Induced EMF and Magnetic Flux

  • The galvanometer is used to detect any current induced in a separate coil on the bottom.
  • It was found that each time the switch is closed, the galvanometer detects a current in one direction in the coil on the bottom.
  • The magnetic flux through some surface is proportional to the number of field lines passing through that surface.
  • where B is the magnitude of the magnetic field (having the unit of Tesla, T), A is the area of the surface, and θ is the angle between the magnetic field lines and the normal (perpendicular) to A.
  • A change in the field produced by the top coil induces an EMF and, hence, a current in the bottom coil.