ballot access laws

Examples of ballot access laws in the following topics:

• The Role of Third Parties

  • (as they have been in other democratic countries), including the country's election structure, ballot rules, and debate rules.
  • With regards to ballot access, candidates for major elections, such as presidential elections, must meet state-determined criteria to be included on election ballots.
  • Ballot access laws often mandate that candidates pay large fees or collect a large number of signatures to be listed, which often restricts the ability of third party candidates to be put on the ballot.

• Types of Ballots

  • A ballot is a device used to cast votes in an election; types of ballots include secret ballots and ranked ballots.
  • The butterfly ballot used in Florida in the 2000 U.S.
  • The use of a butterfly ballot led to widespread allegations of mismarked ballots.
  • Each voter uses one ballot, and ballots are not shared.
  • The ballot box is also designed to prevent anyone from accessing the votes cast until the close of the voting period .

• Progressive Government: City and State

  • Under the council-manager system, the council would pass laws, while the manager would ensure their execution.
  • First, the secret ballot was introduced.
  • Prior to the secret ballot, ballots were colored papers printed by the political parties.
  • The secret ballot was introduced to prevent businessmen or politicians from coercing voters.
  • Therefore, the direct primary was instituted, allowing the voters to cast ballots to nominate candidates.

• Participatory Democracy

  • In the United States, many states and local communities have tried to reinvigorate participatory democracy by introducing novel types of ballot initiatives.
  • If they gather enough signatures, the initiative will appear on a ballot and be put to a popular vote.
  • Through this process, laws can be made by direct vote rather than by elected representatives in a legislature.
  • Participatory democracy strives to create opportunities for all members of a population to make meaningful contributions to decision making and seeks to broaden the range of people who have access to such opportunities.
  • Deliberative democracy differs from traditional democratic theory in that authentic deliberation, not mere voting, is the primary source of a law's legitimacy.

• Privacy Rights and the Right to Die

  • The state of Washington voters saw Ballot Initiative 119 in 1991, the state of California placed Proposition 161 on the ballot in 1992, Oregon voters passed Measure 16 (Death with Dignity Act) in 1994, the state of Michigan included Proposal B in their ballot in 1998, and Washington's Initiative 1000 passed in 2008.
  • Voters in the state of Washington saw Ballot Initiative 119 in 1991.
  • The state of California placed Proposition 161 on the ballot in 1992.
  • The state of Michigan included Proposal B in their ballot in 1998.
  • The process is set forth in law, including the requirements that the patient must be of sound mind when requesting assisted suicide, as confirmed by a doctor and other witnesses.

• White Society in the South

  • Policing and punishing blacks who transgressed the regimentation of slave society was a valued community service in the South, where the fear of free blacks threatening law and order figured heavily in the public discourse of the period.
  • In many areas, small farmers depended on local planter elites for vital goods and services including (but not limited to) access to cotton gins, access to markets, access to feed and livestock, and even for loans, since the banking system was not well developed in the antebellum South.
  • Finally, there was no secret ballot at the time anywhere in the United States—this innovation did not become widespread in the US until the 1880s.
  • For a typical white Southerner, this meant that so much as casting a ballot against the wishes of the establishment meant running the risk of social ostracism.

• Revoking Commit Access

  • The first thing to be said about revoking commit access is: try not to be in that situation in the first place.
  • Depending on whose access is being revoked, and why, the discussions around such an action can be very divisive.
  • However, if you must do it, the discussion should be had privately among the same people who would be in a position to vote for granting that person whatever flavor of commit access they currently have.
  • No one should ever, on her own initiative, reveal information from a discussion and ballot that others assumed were secret.
  • Once someone's access is revoked, that fact is unavoidably public (see the section called "Avoid Mystery"), so try to be as tactful as you can in how it is presented to the outside world.

• Partial Commit Access

  • Some projects offer gradations of commit access.
  • For example, there might be contributors whose commit access gives them free rein in the documentation, but who do not commit to the code itself.
  • Since commit access is not only about committing, but about being part of an electorate (see the section called "Who Votes?"
  • Importantly, we do have a mechanism for casting advisory votes (essentially, the committer writes "+0" or "+1 (non-binding)" instead of just "+1" on the ballot).
  • Regarding enforcement of partial commit access: it's often best not to have the version control system enforce partial commit domains, even if it can.

• Types of Elections

  • When he fought his first contested local election, he demonstrated a willingness to put his policies to the ballot.
  • When he fought his first contested local election, he demonstrated a willingness to put his policies to the ballot.
  • By contrast, in an open primary all voters may cast votes on a ballot of any party.
  • A referendum may result in the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official, or simply a specific government policy.
  • An Afghan man casts his ballot at a polling station in Lash Kar Gah, Helmand Province, September 18, 2005.

• National Labor Relations Act

  • Administrative Law Judge Raymond P.
  • Administrative Law Judge Steven Davis issued his decision on December 17, 2010.
  • President Roosevelt signed this legislation into law on July 5, 1935.
  • The law defined and prohibited five unfair labor practices.
  • If the employer refuses to recognize the union, the union can then be certified through a secret-ballot election conducted by the NLRB.