association

Examples of association in the following topics:

• Introduction to Evaluating and Justifying Government

  • Our basic relationship with government is an involuntary association, and in this sense we are justified in saying that government is an involuntary association.
  • But the involuntary associations are fundamental.
  • Through involuntary associations, government obtains most of the resources enabling it to induce people into voluntary associations with it.
  • True, social contract theorists have argued that government is a voluntary association, as if it were a voluntary association, or ought to be a voluntary association.
  • Various philosophies recognize that government is essentially an involuntary association.

• Voluntary, Involuntary, and Trust Associations

  • The fact that there are two kinds of action which can create an association with another person suggests one basis for classifying associations into different types.
  • Air pollution exemplifies a more subtle involuntary association.
  • If the magnitude of the sanction is great enough to be perceived, then an association is created between the company and the people breathing the air and that association is involuntary.
  • Although it is a trust association between the parents (jointly) and their children, it is a voluntary association between husband and wife.
  • Voluntary associations can be far larger than a family.

• Trade Associations

  • A trade association is an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry.
  • A trade association, also known as an industry trade group, business association, or sector association, is an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry .
  • The main media published by trade associations are as follows:
  • The emphasis of association yearbooks on the other hand is on editorial features about the association itself and the association's industry.
  • The Association of Master Upholsterers is an example of a trade association.

• Private, Public, and Compound Associations

  • We will now examine a second way in which associations can be sorted into categories.
  • We refer here to "parties" rather than to persons because once a simple association of two or more individuals exists this association itself may enter into still other associations.
  • "Parties" is simply a convenient way of recognizing that the constituent elements making up an association can be either individuals or associations.
  • Nor are associations between another one government and another private.
  • Public associations are defined by any one or more of the following characteristics:

• Introduction to the Four Functions of Governmen

  • The belief that all involuntary associations are bad is hard to refute.
  • For most people the general undesirability of private-involuntary associations (robber-victim, air polluter-victim) and of compound-involuntary ones (the Nazi extermination campaign against Jews, military conscription, arbitrary economic regulations) is implicit in the examples we have adduced.
  • One is tempted to tidy things up and conclude that public-involuntary associations are bad too.

• Associations

  • Our definition of associations is as follows: An association exists when one person's satisfaction is being changed by the actions of another person.
  • The two persons are then said to be associated.
  • The second key term in the definition of an association is "changed".
  • (To diagram the relationship of our individual to yet another person would require an additional diagram: Jones may simultaneously be associated with Smith and not associated with Baker. )
  • The third key term in our definition of an association is "actions".

• Differential Association Theory

  • Differential association is when individuals base their behaviors by association and interaction with others.
  • Differential association theory is the most talked-about of the learning theories of deviance.
  • This tendency will be reinforced if social association provides active people in the person's life.
  • The principles of Sutherland's theory of differential association can be summarized into nine key points.
  • An important quality of differential association theory is the frequency and intensity of interaction.

• Justification of Government

  • Rather than denying that involuntary associations are always bad or that governments are involuntary associations, we need merely recognize that a world without any involuntary associations is impossible.
  • One function of government is to minimize private-involuntary associations.
  • Without government, these private-involuntary associations would proliferate.
  • Tucker's proposed organization would therefore produce involuntary associations, violating the anarchists' own rule that there should be no such associations in a decent society.
  • Once one admits that a society without any involuntary associations is impossible, and that all involuntary associations are not equally bad, then the premise that all involuntary associations are bad does not automatically lead to the conclusion that government is unjustifiable.

• A Periodic Table of Associations

  • The example given earlier of a trust, the parent-child association, is also private, since neither the parents nor the children—the parties to the association—are governments.
  • Government-as-contractor I enters voluntary associations with non-governmental parties, which may be individuals or associations.
  • When government-as-contractor I buys jet bombers from a private corporation, the other party to the resulting association is itself an association.
  • These associations are public because all of their parties are governments.
  • Within the US, public-voluntary associations often exist between two or more states.

• Inferences of Correlation and Regression

  • The chi-square test of association allows us to evaluate associations (or correlations) between categorical data.
  • The chi-square test of association allows us to evaluate associations (or correlations) between categorical data.
  • It indicates whether there is an association between two categorical variables, but unlike the correlation coefficient between two quantitative variables, it does not in itself give an indication of the strength of the association.
  • nIn order to describe the association more fully, it is necessary to identify the cells that have large differences between the observed and expected frequencies.
  • The association between femoral site/no infectious complication is also significant, but because the residual is negative, there are fewer individuals than expected in this cell.