artificial satellite

(noun)

In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human endeavour.

Related Terms

Examples of artificial satellite in the following topics:

  • Satellites

    • Natural satellites are celestial objects that orbit a larger body; artificial satellites are manmade objects put in the orbit of the Earth.
    • Artificial satellites (see ) are man made objects put in orbit about the Earth or another planet in the Solar System.
    • Natural satellites are often classified in terms of their size and composition, while artificial satellites are categorized in terms of their orbital parameters.
    • Of the inner planets, Mercury and Venus have no natural satellites; Earth has one large natural satellite, known as the Moon; and Mars has two tiny natural satellites, Phobos and Deimos.
    • By far this is the most common type of orbit with about 2,500 artificial satellites orbiting the Earth.

  • Dynamics of UCM

    • The gravitational force is responsible for artificial satellites orbiting the Earth.

  • Reactions to Sputnik

    • The Sputnik Crisis was the name for the mass panic that gripped American during the Soviets' launching of the space satellite.
    • It was a key event during the Cold War that began on October 4, 1957 when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite .
    • Once the Soviets started to launch satellites into orbit, U.S. concern increased.
    • Increased emphasis on the Navy's existing Project Vanguard to launch an American satellite into orbit, and a revival of the Army's Explorer program that preceded Vanguard in launching the first American satellite into orbit on January 31, 1958.
    • Sputnik, which means "satellite" in Russian, was the Soviet entry in a scientific race to launch the first satellite ever.

  • Technological Advancement

    • From here, von Braun and his team developed the Army's first operational medium-range ballistic missile, the Redstone rocket, that in slightly modified versions, launched both America's first satellite, and the first piloted Mercury space missions.
    • The competition began on August 2, 1955, when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the International Geophysical Year, by declaring they would also launch a satellite "in the near future."

  • Radio Waves

    • Artificially generated radio waves are used for fixed and mobile radio communication, broadcasting, radar and other navigation systems, communications satellites, computer networks and innumerable other applications.
    • Satellite dishes and cable transmission of TV occurs at significantly higher frequencies, and is rapidly evolving with the use of the high-definition or HD format.

  • Neuroglia of the Peripheral Nervous System

    • The two kinds of glia cells in the PNS, schwann cells and satellite cells, each have unique functions.
    • The PNS has two kinds of neuroglia: schwann cells and satellite cells.
    • Satellite cells are small glia that surround neurons' sensory ganglia in the ANS.
    • PNS satellite glia are very sensitive to injury and may exacerbate pathological pain.

  • Defective Viruses

    • Replication defective viruses (also known as satellites) are those that need the presence of other viruses to help them reproduce.
    • Satellites depend on co-infection of a host cell with a helper virus for productive multiplication.
    • When a satellite subviral agent encodes the coat protein in which it is encapsulated, it is then called a satellite virus.
    • Satellite viral particles should not be confused with satellite DNA.
    • These viruses that are dependent on the presence of other virus species in the host cell are called satellites.

  • Clusters of Neuronal Cell Bodies

    • Satellite glial cells are a type of glial cell that line the exterior surface of neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) .
    • Satellite glial cells (SGCs) also surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia.
    • Satellite cells also act as protective, cushioning cells.
    • Satellite glial cells are expressed throughout the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia in their respective nervous system divisions.

  • Artificial Immunity

    • Artificial immunity is a mean by which the body is given immunity to a disease by intentional exposure to small quantities of it.
    • Artificially-acquired passive immunity is an immediate, but short-term immunization provided by the injection of antibodies, such as gamma globulin, that are not produced by the recipient's cells.
    • Artificial active immunization is where the microbe, or parts of it, are injected into the person before they are able to take it in naturally.
    • The first record of artificial immunity was in relation to a disease known as smallpox.
    • Both natural and artificial immunity can be further subdivided, depending on the amount of time the protection lasts.

  • Kepler's Third Law

    • Using subscripts 1 and 2 to denote two different satellites, and taking the ratio of the last equation for satellite 1 to satellite 2 yields
    • We obtain a relationship that can be used to determine the mass M of a parent body from the orbits of its satellites:
    • If r and P are known for a satellite, then the mass M of the parent can be calculated.
    • This principle has been used extensively to find the masses of heavenly bodies that have satellites.
    • Furthermore, the ratio r3/T2 should be a constant for all satellites of the same parent body (because r3/T2=GM/4π2).