artificial respiration

(noun)

The manual or mechanical forcing of air into the lungs of a person who is not breathing in order to maintain life.

Related Terms

Examples of artificial respiration in the following topics:

  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

    • It is indicated in those who are unresponsive with no breathing or abnormal breathing, for example agonal respirations.
    • CPR involves chest compressions at least 5 cm deep and at a rate of at least 100 per minute in an effort to create artificial circulation by manually pumping blood through the heart.
    • This process of externally providing ventilation is termed "artificial respiration. " Current recommendations place emphasis on high-quality chest compressions over artificial respiration; a simplified CPR method involving chest compressions only is recommended for untrained rescuers.
    • If a person still has a pulse, but is not breathing (respiratory arrest), artificial respirations may be more appropriate, but due to the difficulty people have in accurately assessing the presence or absence of a pulse, CPR guidelines recommend that lay persons should not be instructed to check the pulse, while giving health care professionals the option to check a pulse.

  • Internal Respiration

    • Internal respiration refers to two distinct processes.
    • The oxygen supply for cellular respiration comes from the external respiration of the respiratory system.
    • The net formula for cellular respiration is:
    • Cellular respiration can occur anaerobically without oxygen, such as through lactic acid fermentation.
    • This process is very inefficient compared to aerobic respiration, as without oxidative phosphorylation, the cell cannot produce nearly as much ATP (2 ATP compared to 38 during cellular respiration).

  • Transforming Chemical Energy

    • Cellular respiration is the process of transforming chemical energy into forms usable by the cell or organism.
    • When oxygen is used to help drive the oxidation of nutrients the process is called aerobic respiration.
    • Respiration occurs within the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.
    • Electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration include nitrate, sulfate, carbon dioxide, and several metal ions.
    • The energy released during cellular respiration is then used in other biological processes.

  • Dialysis

    • Dialysis is a process of removing waste and excess water from the blood to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function.
    • It is used primarily to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with renal failure.
    • The acidic metabolism end-products that the body cannot get rid of via respiration are also excreted through the kidneys.

  • Uses of Oxygen

    • Molecular dioxygen, O2, is essential for cellular respiration in all aerobic organisms.
    • Uptake of O2 from the air is the essential purpose of respiration, so oxygen supplementation is used in medicine.
    • Scuba divers and submariners also rely on artificially delivered O2, but most often use normal pressure and/or mixtures of oxygen and air.

  • Neural Mechanisms (Cortex)

    • Voluntary respiration is any type of respiration that is under conscious control.
    • Voluntary respiration is important for the higher functions that involve air supply, such as voice control or blowing out candles.
    • Different parts of the cerebral cortex control different forms of voluntary respiration.
    • Activity has also been seen within the supplementary motor area and the premotor cortex during voluntary respiration.
    • There are several nerves responsible for the muscular functions involved in respiration.

  • Artificial Immunity

    • Artificial immunity is a mean by which the body is given immunity to a disease by intentional exposure to small quantities of it.
    • Artificially-acquired passive immunity is an immediate, but short-term immunization provided by the injection of antibodies, such as gamma globulin, that are not produced by the recipient's cells.
    • Artificial active immunization is where the microbe, or parts of it, are injected into the person before they are able to take it in naturally.
    • The first record of artificial immunity was in relation to a disease known as smallpox.
    • Both natural and artificial immunity can be further subdivided, depending on the amount of time the protection lasts.

  • Neural Mechanisms (Respiratory Center)

    • The medulla and the pons are involved in the regulation of the ventilatory pattern of respiration.
    • Breathing is required to sustain life, so involuntary respiration allows it to happen when voluntary respiration is not possible, such as during sleep.
    • There are two regions in the medulla that control respiration:
    • Its main function is to control the rate or speed of involuntary respiration.
    • Describe the neural mechanism of the respiratory center in respiration control

  • Passive Immunization

    • Passive immunization can be exogenously administered (artificial) or transferred from mother to fetus (natural).
    • There are two types of passive immunity: artificial and natural .
    • Artificial passive immunity is achieved by infusion of serum or plasma containing high concentrations of antibody.
    • Both natural and artificial immunity can be further subdivided, depending on the amount of time the protection lasts.
    • Describe how artificial and natural passive immunity function to provide antibody protection against microorganisms

  • Electron Donors and Acceptors in Anaerobic Respiration

    • In anaerobic respiration, a molecule other than oxygen is used as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
    • Anaerobic respiration is the formation of ATP without oxygen.
    • Many different types of electron acceptors may be used for anaerobic respiration.
    • Organic compounds may also be used as electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration.
    • A molecule other than oxygen is used as the terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration.