Article 231

(noun)

The article of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles (knows as the "War Guilt Clause") that declared Germany responsible for all "loss and damage" experienced by the Allied and Associated powers during World War I.

Related Terms

Examples of Article 231 in the following topics:

  • Territory and Reparations

    • Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles (the war-guilt clause) assigned blame for the war to Germany; much of the rest of the Treaty set out the reparations that Germany would pay to the Allies.

  • War Debts and Reparations

    • Article 231 of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles (knows as the "War Guilt Clause") declared Germany responsible for all "loss and damage" experienced by the Allied and Associated powers during World War I.
    • Germans (between 1919 and 1933 referred to as Weimar Republic) viewed the Article 231 and the resulting reparations requirement as a national humiliation.
    • German politicians were vocal in their opposition to the article in an attempt to generate international sympathy, while German historians worked to undermine the article with the objective of subverting the entire treaty.
    • The Allied leaders were surprised at the German reaction; they saw the article only as a necessary legal basis to extract compensation from Germany.
    • American diplomat John Foster Dulles—one of the two authors of the Article—later regretted the wording used, believing it further aggravated the German people.

  • References

    • The American Statistician, 54, 231-235.

  • [PF content: The Legislative Branch in Action]

  • [PF content: Article IV]

  • [PF content: Article V]

  • [PF content: Article VI]

  • [PF content: Article VII]

  • Does leasing always close the manufacturing loop?

  • Balancing Nuclear Equations

    • $^{ 235 }_{ 92 }U \rightarrow \ \ ^{ 231 }_{ 90 }Th\ +\ \ ?
    • This could be written out as uranium-235 gives thorium-231 plus what?
    • $^{ 235 }_{ 92 }U \rightarrow \ \ ^{ 231 }_{ 90}Th + \ \ ^{ 4 }_{ 2 }He$