Examples of anaerobic exercise in the following topics:
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- Creatine supplements may increase anaerobic exercise performance by augmenting phosphocreatine levels and ATP availability.
- This is specifically caused by eccentric exercise altering muscle ultrastructure and sarcoplasmic reticulum functioning.
- Creatine supplements, when used in the short-term, can increase performance during high intensity anaerobic exercise that requires short bursts of muscle contraction.
- This is a reflection of the differential energy pools used for anaerobic versus aerobic respiration, specifically the prioritization of use of phosphocreatine as an ATP pool for Type II muscles, which are primarily used during anaerobic exercise.
- Though there is evidence that creatine supplementation can improve anaerobic exercise performance, it is not banned in professional or college sports.
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- Exercise involves a series of sustained muscle contractions of either long or short duration depending on the nature of the physical activity.
- Muscle hypertrophy, or the increase in muscle mass due to exercise , particularly weight training, is a noticeable long-term effect of exercise.
- Increases in muscle mass are not the only long-term effect of exercise.
- Muscle specified
for high intensity anaerobic exercise will synthesise more glycolytic enzymes,
whereas muscle for long endurance aerobic exercise will develop more
capillaries and mitochondria.
- Differentiate between the short-term and long-term effects of exercise on muscles
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- Aerobic activity relies on the availability of oxygen for energy production, whereas anaerobic activity utilizes primarily glycolysis.
- These fibers are efficient for short bursts of speed and power and use both oxidative and anaerobic metabolisms depending on the particular sub-type.
- Anaerobic exercise, as in this example, prioritizes the use of Type II fibers.
- However, at higher loads during anaerobic exercise, Type I fibers can also be recruited to generate a higher force from the muscle contraction.
- In diabetics, both resistance and aerobic exercise protocols appear to be effective in reducing pre- and post-exercise blood glucose levels and HbA1c levels, but resistance exercise produced a more significant reduction in HbA1c level as compared to treadmill exercise.
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- Aerobic and anaerobic exercise work to increase the mechanical efficiency of the heart.
- If exercise is too intense for oxygen demands to be satisfied in the short term, anaerobic respiration will be used to make up for the ATP deficit in the muscles.
- This can cause a buildup of lactic acid in the muscles, which is the byproduct of lactic acid fermentation (the most common anaerobic respiration process in the human body).
- In long-term exercise of appropriate intensity, the volume and strength of the heart are improved, which makes additional exercise easier.
- Exercise induced asthma is another common complication from too much exercise.
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- Physical exercise can be classified into three primary types based on the overall effect the exercise has on the body: flexibility, aerobic, and anaerobic.
- Anaerobic exercise improves muscle strength through weight training.
- Certain exercises may have aerobic, anaerobic, and flexibility benefits.
- The more exercise a person does, the more energy the body uses.
- Exercise increases levels of endorphins in the body.
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- If the respiratory
or circulatory system cannot keep up with demand, then energy will be generated
by the much less efficient anaerobic respiration.
- This further inhibits anaerobic respiration, inducing fatigue.
- With extensive exercise, the osmotically active molecules outside of the
muscle are lost through sweating.
- Muscle specified for high-intensity anaerobic exercise will synthesise more glycolytic enzymes, whereas muscle for long endurance aerobic exercise will develop more capillaries and mitochondria.
- Exercise throughout life can help reduce the impact of aging by maintaining a healthy oxygen supply to the muscle.
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- The reaction
is slower than anaerobic respiration and thus not suited to rapid
movements, but much more efficient, which is why slow-twitch muscles do not tire
quickly.
- Unlike
slow-twitch fibers, fast twitch-fibers rely on anaerobic respiration (glycolysis
alone) to produce two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.
- Lactate (lactic acid), a byproduct of anaerobic respiration, accumulates in the muscle tissue
reducing the pH (making it more acidic, and producing the stinging feeling in
muscles when exercising).
- This inhibits further anaerobic respiration.
- Regardless, repeated exercise that prioritizes one type of muscle fiber use
over the other can lead to improvements in an individual’s ability to perform
that activity through alterations in the number and composition of fibers associated with
improvements in the respiratory and circulatory systems.
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- Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate, can rapidly donate a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP and creatine under anaerobic conditions.
- This lactic acid accumulation in the muscle tissue reduces the pH, making it more acidic and producing the stinging feeling in muscles when exercising.
- This inhibits further anaerobic respiration, inducing fatigue.
- Cellular respiration is not as rapid as the above mechanisms; however, it is required for exercise periods longer than 30 seconds.
- Cellular respiration plays a key role in returning the muscles to normal after exercise, converting the excess pyruvate into ATP and regenerating the stores of ATP, phosphocreatine, and glycogen in the muscle that are required for more rapid contractions.
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- Fermentation is important in anaerobic conditions when there is no oxidative phosphorylation to maintain the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) by glycolysis.
- Fermentation does not necessarily have to be carried out in an anaerobic environment.
- Fermentation occurs in mammalian muscle during periods of intense exercise where oxygen supply becomes limited, resulting in the creation of lactic acid.
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- Facultative anaerobes can use oxygen, but also have anaerobic (i.e. not requiring oxygen) methods of energy production.
- An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth.
- For practical purposes there are three categories : obligate anaerobes, which cannot use oxygen for growth and are even harmed by it.
- And finally, facultative anaerobes, which can grow without oxygen but can utilize oxygen if it is present.
- Since normal microbial culturing occurs in atmospheric air, which is an aerobic environment, the culturing of anaerobes poses a problem.