inductive reasoning

Examples of inductive reasoning in the following topics:

• Different Lines of Reasoning

  • Apply two different lines of reasoning—inductive and deductive—to consciously make sense of observations and reason with the audience.
  • One important aspect of inductive reasoning is associative reasoning: seeing or noticing similarity among the different events or objects that you observe.
  • Here is a statistical syllogism to illustrate inductive reasoning:
  • Deductive reasoning contrasts with inductive reasoning in that a specific conclusion is arrived at from the general principle when reasoning deductively.
  • Notice that inductive reasoning moves from specific instances to a general conclusion, whereas deductive reasoning applies a general principle to specific instances.

• Deploying a Rational Appeal

  • Our focus on reasoning and how you to use evidence to reason with your audience is part of the study of logos.
  • Prior to your speech, it is important to consider the soundness of your evidence and reasoning.
  • Inductive reasoning: If you are engaging in inductive reasoning, you will want to consider whether you have observed or collected enough evidence to draw a highly probable conclusion.
  • If you are using statistical evidence as part of your inductive reasoning, it is important to consider how the data was collected and whether it is truly valid.
  • If you do not have valid statistical data, then the inductions will not be valid.

• Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Fact

  • Is there reason to believe that a source may be biased, either personally or by the thinking prevalent at the time in history?
  • Reasoning: The speaker will usually be dealing with inductive reasoning, in which he or she asks the audience to agree with a conclusion after presenting all of the evidence.

• Logical Fallacies

  • A fallacy is an error in reasoning; there are two basic categories of fallacies--formal and informal.
  • A fallacy is an error in reasoning.
  • Consider an example with a visualization of faulty reasoning involving categorical deduction.
  • As a speaker you want to carefully consider your reasoning and how you draw your logical conclusions in order to avoid faulty reasoning.
  • The deductive reasoning is valid but the major premise is not valid.

• Reasons to Outline

  • There are many reasons to create an outline; but in general, it may be helpful to create an outline when you want to show the hierarchical relationship or logical ordering of information.
  • Justify out the reasons to outline prior to writing a speech or presentation

• Types of Supporting Materials

  • Intuition is the ability to acquire knowledge without inference or the use of reason.
  • For this reason, intuition is not a particularly strong supporting material.

• Using Supporting Materials

  • Some audiences are skeptical of non-scientific supporting materials for this very reason.
  • Identify reasons to use supporting materials and which types of materials are appropriate in a given situation

• Listening and Critical Thinking

  • One definition for critical thinking is "the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. "
  • Critical thinking occurs whenever people figure out what to believe or what to do, and do so in a reasonable, reflective way.

• Definitions

  • You can define fruit salad as consisting of bananas, pineapples, and yellow apples (ideally you would have a reason for this, too).
  • For example, you can define fruit salad as consisting of bananas, pineapples, and yellow apples (ideally you would have a reason for this, too).
  • For this reason, you should also define the terms carefully.

• Critical Thinking

  • In order to present a clear and well-reasoned argument, you'll need to make sure you have accurate and specific evidence to support your claims.
  • Now that you know all the possible angles from which others can approach your line of reasoning, now it's time to select the best evidence to support your thesis.
  • Critical thinking is more than just the rote study of information and facts; it requires the thinker to reason reflectively about her beliefs and actions regarding those facts and information.