Examples of European Union in the following topics:
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The European Union
- The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union made up of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe.
- The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union or confederation of 27 member states that are located in Europe, including:
- Important institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the European Central Bank.
- The monetary union has been shaken by the European sovereign-debt crisis since 2009.
- Discuss the establishment of the European Union (EU) and the Euro
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The bottom line
- The European Union is even more vociferous.
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Common Markets
- The European Economic Community was the first example of a both common and single market, but it was an economic union since it had additionally a customs union.
- This was also when the three European Communities, including the EC, were collectively made to constitute the first of the three pillars of the European Union (EU).
- This was also when the three European Communities, including the EC, were collectively made to constitute the first of the three pillars of the European Union (EU), which the treaty also founded.
- The establishment of a customs union with a common external tariff
- Progress on the customs union proceeded much faster than the 12 years planned.
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Trends in Labor-Management Relations
- Labor trends include a declining union movement in the US, public sector unions, women leaders, and international unions.
- Most unions were opposed to Reagan in the 1980 presidential election.
- Linked to the ITUC, but autonomous, are the global union federations, which seek to bring unions together along sectoral lines.
- Then there are scores of inter-regional federations, such as the European Trade Union Confederation, the International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions, and the Organization of African Trade Union Unity.
- Summarize the recent history of the labor union movement in America
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Trading blocs and agreements
- In 1993, about 40 nations, counting the European Community as one, had anti-dumping legislation.
- Such agreements are designed to facilitate trade through the establishment of a free trade area customs union or customs market.
- Customs Unions maintain common tariffs and rates for nonmember countries.
- A common market provides for harmonious fiscal and monetary policies while free trade areas and customs unions do not.
- Experience in multilingual marketing would help non-European companies succeed in this gigantic market.
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The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)
- Congress to regulate, charter, and supervise federal credit unions.
- The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is the United States independent federal agency that supervises and charters federal credit unions.
- The chartering of credit unions in all states is due to the signing of the Federal Credit Union Act by President Franklin D.
- As the insurer and regulator of federally chartered credit unions, the NCUA oversees credit union safety and soundness, much like the FDIC.
- It is sometimes required to place credit unions in conservatorship.
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Credit Unions
- Credit unions are substitutes and competitors of banks, owned by members as a financial cooperative.
- Credit unions usually offer better rates on deposits and lower costs for loans
- Credit unions offer access to borrowing options not always available at traditional banks
- Credit unions increase competition (big banks tend to be oligopolies, while credit unions are intrinsically smaller in scale, thus high in quantity)
- Credit unions are smaller, and therefore more likely to go out of business
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Modern Labor Organizations
- Labor unions have lost power in the United States over the years and, today, union membership varies by sector.
- Most of the recent gains in union membership have been in the service sector, while the number of unionized employees in the manufacturing sector has declined.
- Historically, the rapid growth of public employee unions since the 1960s has served to mask an even more dramatic decline in private-sector union membership.
- Although most industrialized countries have seen a drop in unionization rates, the drop in union density (the unionized proportion of the working population) has been more significant in the United States than elsewhere.
- Unions no longer carry the "threat effect:" the power of unions to raise wages of non-union shops by virtue of the threat of unions to organize those shops.
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Landrum-Griffin Act
- Declare that every union officer must act as a fiduciary in handling the assets and conducting the affairs of the union.
- Limit the power of unions to put subordinate bodies in trusteeship, a temporary suspension of democratic processes within a union.
- Provide certain minimum standards before a union may expel or take other disciplinary action against a member of the union.
- While intended largely to limit union corruption and create a more equitable power structure within the unions, the Act was not without flaws in this regard.
- On the other hand, it cannot be said that union corruption and abuses of union power have disappeared.
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The industry environment
- Cl=17) from the United Nations and the General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities with the European Communities (NACE, http://www.ltck.se/PrjY1/nacekod/nacecode.htm).
- Rate of growth and the industry growth curve are an important element of industry structure as is the extent to which an industry is unionized.
- For example, competition in an industry comprised solely of union employers will be quite different than in an industry comprised of both union and non-union firms.