communities of practice

Examples of communities of practice in the following topics:

• Informal Groups

  • A community of practice (CoP) is, according to cognitive anthropologists Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger, a group of people who share a craft and/or a profession.
  • A project team differs from a community of practice in several significant ways (McDermott, 1999):
  • A community of practice often develops organically, and it may have as many objectives as it does members.
  • A community of practice can exist as long as the members believe that they have something to contribute to or gain from it.
  • Compare a community of practice to other forms of informal groups

• Long-Term Development

  • Some examples of approaches to professional development include the case study method, consultation, coaching, communities of practice, lesson study, mentoring, reflective supervision, etc.
  • There are a variety of approaches to professional development, including consultation, coaching, communities of practice, lesson study, mentoring, reflective supervision and technical assistance.
  • Individuals may participate in professional development because of an interest in lifelong learning, a sense of moral obligation, to maintain and improve professional competence, enhance career progression, keep abreast of new technology and practice, or to comply with professional regulatory organizations.
  • Lesson Study - to solve practical dilemmas related to intervention or instruction through participation with other professionals in systematically examining practice.
  • Other methods include communities of practice, reflective supervision, and technical assistance.

• The Reasoning of Specialization

  • Gathering together into communities for the mutual achievement of common goals succeeds because each person specializes in practice.
  • It also reduces the ability of individuals to survive outside of the system containing all of the specialized components.
  • In order to resolve this difficulty, we gather together into communities for the mutual achievement of our common goals.
  • This succeeds because we can work more efficiently if each of us specializes in the practice of a specific craft: I make all of the shoes; you grow all of the vegetables; she does all of the carpentry; etc.
  • This structure saves us money because of the economies of scale.

• The Disadvantages of Communism

  • Ho Chi Minh raised a guerrilla army in Vietnam, promising them a Utopian communist future of rule by the people and a communal country.
  • The theory peddled by Ho Chi Minh was far removed from the practice of Communism once he was successfully elected.
  • There are many other examples of how Communism has failed the people of a country.
  • Whether this is down simply to corrupt leaders, or to a deeper flaw in the nature of Communism is a subject debated by many scholars.
  • The economic and political system of Communism effectively dictates what can and cannot be done in the realm of business.

• Informal Communications

  • Informal communication is established around the societal affiliation of members of an organization and is spread through the 'grapevine'.
  • The American political scientist and communication theorist Harold Lasswell popularized the concept of the communication channel in his 1948 paper, The Communication of Ideas.
  • Informal communication does not follow authority lines as in the case of formal communication.
  • The use of this type of communication is common among managers as well as subdivision employees.
  • Surprisingly, 75% of all organizations' practices, policies, and procedures are shared through grapevine communication.

• Types of Public Relations

  • Public relations (PR) is the practice of managing the flow of information between an individual or an organization and the public.
  • Public relations (PR) is the practice of managing the flow of information between an individual or an organization and the public.
  • Common activities include speaking at conferences, winning industry awards, working with the press, and employee communication.
  • Media relations involves working with various media for the purpose of informing the public of an organization's mission, policies, and practices in a positive, consistent, and credible manner.
  • "Media relations" refers to the relationship that a company or organization develops with journalists, while "public relations" is the practice of extending that relationship beyond the media to the general public.

• Word of Mouth

  • Word of mouth, or viva voce, is the passing of information from person to person by oral communication.
  • Storytelling is the oldest form of word-of-mouth communication where one person tells others of something, whether a real event or something made up.
  • An important area of marketing is called word-of-mouth marketing, which relies on the added credibility of person-to-person communication.
  • Because of the personal nature of the communications between individuals, it is believed that product information communicated in this way has an added layer of credibility.
  • The relatively new practice of word-of-mouth marketing attempts to inject positive "buzz" into conversations directly.

• The Benefits of Communism

  • In practice, however, it has many drawbacks, and historically it seems that only the most corrupt members of Communist governments have gained advancement within systems.
  • Communism supports the emancipation of women and the ending of their exploitation.
  • In communism, the government dictates economic structure; therefore, economic instability is out of the question.
  • Strong social communities are established.
  • Explain how the theoretical benefits of communism may lead to a more equitable society

• Successful Implementation of CSR and Sustainable Development

  • Tetra Pak Colombia is currently working with the government to coordinate this effort and is still building houses that are periodically awarded to low income people of the community (tetrapak.com).
  • As evidenced in the case of Tetra Pack Colombia, a company with CSR and sustainable development aligned into its strategy can be effective in working with its community to solve a social problem.
  • In this case, Tetra Pack Colombia was able to utilize waste that impacted the environment; worked with the government to coordinate efforts to improve the welfare and the quality of life of its community; worked with companies in the community to develop knowledge and new technologies; and create new jobs and alternative, environmentally friendly new sources of material.
  • CSR opportunities and challenges include promoting good labor practices and diversity, supporting health and education programs in the community.
  • Shahira, her company profits from its relationship with the community.

• Dynamically Crafting your Message

  • A forecasting statement positioned at the beginning of a communication should focus its organization and scope.
  • Always begin in a way that encourages your readers to be open and receptive to the rest of your communication.
  • Readers' expectations and preferences about the beginning of a communication are shaped by their culture.
  • You must have good understanding of the communication customs of your readers' culture in order to create an effective opening.
  • But that means you could spend years before addressing a practice you regard as unethical.