Examples of vascular plant in the following topics:
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- Seedless vascular plants, which reproduce and spread through spores, are plants that contain vascular tissue, but do not flower or seed.
- The vascular plants, or tracheophytes, are the dominant and most conspicuous group of land plants.
- By the late Devonian period, plants had evolved vascular tissue, well-defined leaves, and root systems.
- Seedless vascular plants are plants that contain vascular tissue, but do not produce flowers or seeds.
- In seedless vascular plants, such as ferns and horsetails, the plants reproduce using haploid, unicellular spores instead of seeds.
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- Land plants, or embryophytes, are classified by the presence or absence of vascular tissue and how they reproduce (with or without seeds).
- Plants that lack vascular tissue, which is formed of specialized cells for the transport of water and nutrients, are referred to as non-vascular plants or bryophytes.
- Non-vascular embryophytes probably appeared early in land plant evolution and are all seedless.
- In contrast, vascular plants developed a network of cells, called xylem and phloem, that conduct water and solutes throughout the plant.
- Lycophytes and pterophytes are both referred to as seedless vascular plants because they do not produce any seeds.
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- Bryophytes (liverworts, mosses, and hornworts) are non-vascular plants that appeared on earth over 450 million years ago.
- Bryophytes are the group of seedles plants that are the closest-extant relative of early terrestrial plants.
- By the Silurian period, however, vascular plants had spread through the continents.
- This compelling fact is used as evidence that non-vascular plants must have preceded the Silurian period.
- Although the term non-tracheophyte is more accurate, bryophytes are commonly called non-vascular plants.
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- Today, however, seedless plants represent only a small fraction of the plants in our environment.
- Of these, more than 260,000 are seed plants.
- Seedless plants are classified into three main categories: green algae, seedless non-vascular plants, and seedless vascular plants.
- Seedless non-vascular plants (bryophytes), such as mosses, are the group of plants that are the closest extant relative of early terrestrial plants.
- Seedless vascular plants include horsetails and ferns.
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- Ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns are seedless vascular plants that reproduce with spores and are found in moist environments.
- Water is required for fertilization of seedless vascular plants; most favor a moist environment.
- The club mosses, or phylum Lycopodiophyta, are the earliest group of seedless vascular plants.
- With their large fronds, ferns are the most-readily recognizable seedless vascular plants.
- They are considered the most-advanced seedless vascular plants and display characteristics commonly observed in seed plants.
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- Embryo protection developed prior to the development of vascular plants which, in turn, evolved before seed plants and flowering plants.
- The oldest-known vascular plants have been identified in deposits from the Devonian.
- One of the richest sources of information is the Rhynie chert, a sedimentary rock deposit found in Rhynie, Scotland, where embedded fossils of some of the earliest vascular plants have been identified .
- The extinct vascular plants, classified as zosterophylls and trimerophytes, most probably lacked true leaves and roots, forming low vegetation mats similar in size to modern-day mosses, although some trimetophytes could reach one meter in height.
- This Rhynie chert contains fossilized material from vascular plants.
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- They differentiate into three main types: dermal, vascular, and ground tissue.
- Vascular tissue transports water, minerals, and sugars to different parts of the plant.
- Vascular tissue is an example of a complex tissue.
- In stems, the xylem and the phloem form a structure called a vascular bundle ; in roots, this is termed the vascular stele or vascular cylinder.
- Vascular plants have two distinct organ systems: a shoot system and a root system .
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- Xylem and phloem form the vascular system of plants to transport water and other substances throughout the plant.
- The first fossils that show the presence of vascular tissue date to the Silurian period, about 430 million years ago.
- Together, xylem and phloem tissues form the vascular system of plants .
- It is the thick walls of the tracheids that provide support for the plant and allow it to achieve impressive heights.
- By growing higher than other plants, tall trees cast their shadow on shorter plants and limit competition for water and precious nutrients in the soil.
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- Lateral meristems include the vascular cambium and, in woody plants, the cork cambium .
- The vascular cambium is located just outside the primary xylem and to the interior of the primary phloem.
- The activity of the vascular cambium gives rise to annual growth rings.
- Secondary vascular tissue is added as the plant grows, as well as a cork layer.
- The bark of a tree extends from the vascular cambium to the epidermis.
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- Parenchyma cells are the most common plant cells .
- As with the rest of the plant, the stem has three tissue systems: dermal, vascular, and ground tissue.
- Woody plants have a tough, waterproof outer layer of cork cells commonly known as bark, which further protects the plant from damage.
- They provide support to plant structures.
- Sclerenchyma fibers cap the vascular bundles.