TATA box

Examples of TATA box in the following topics:

• Initiation of Transcription in Eukaryotes

  • The most-extensively studied core promoter element in eukaryotes is a short DNA sequence known as a TATA box, found 25-30 base pairs upstream from the start site of transcription.
  • Only about 10-15% of mammalian genes contain TATA boxes, while the rest contain other core promoter elements, but the mechanisms by which transcription is initiated at promoters with TATA boxes is well characterized.
  • The TATA box, as a core promoter element, is the binding site for a transcription factor known as TATA-binding protein (TBP), which is itself a subunit of another transcription factor: Transcription Factor II D (TFIID).
  • After TFIID binds to the TATA box via the TBP, five more transcription factors and RNA polymerase combine around the TATA box in a series of stages to form a pre-initiation complex.

• The Promoter and the Transcription Machinery

  • Within the promoter region, just upstream of the transcriptional start site, resides the TATA box.
  • This box is simply a repeat of thymine and adenine dinucleotides (literally, TATA repeats).
  • To initiate transcription, a transcription factor (TFIID) is the first to bind to the TATA box.
  • Binding of TFIID recruits other transcription factors, including TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH to the TATA box.

• Class Cubozoa and Class Hydrozoa

  • Cubozoans live as box-shaped medusae while Hydrozoans are true polymorphs and can be found as colonial or solitary organisms.
  • Class Cubozoa includes jellies that have a box-shaped medusa: a bell that is square in cross-section; hence, they are colloquially known as "box jellyfish."

• Conditioned Behavior

  • Skinner, the inventor of the Skinner box.
  • Skinner put rats in his boxes that contained a lever that would dispense food to the rat when depressed.

• Cognitive Learning and Sociobiology

  • When a banana was hung in their cage too high for them to reach along with several boxes placed randomly on the floor, some of the chimps were able to stack the boxes one on top of the other, climb on top of them, and get the banana.
  • This implies that they could visualize the result of stacking the boxes even before they had performed the action.

• Cell Theory

  • In a 1665 publication called Micrographia, experimental scientist Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" for the box-like structures he observed when viewing cork tissue through a lens.

• Connecting Proteins to Glucose Metabolism

  • The carbon skeletons of certain amino acids (indicated in boxes) are derived from proteins and can feed into pyruvate, acetyl CoA, and the citric acid cycle.

• The Punnett Square Approach for a Monohybrid Cross

  • Then the combinations of egg and sperm are made in the boxes in the table to show which alleles are combining.
  • Each box then represents the diploid genotype of a zygote, or fertilized egg, that could result from this mating.

• Convergent Evolution

  • ., box jellies).

• Phylum Cnidaria

  • The anthozoans, the sea anemones and corals, are all sessile species, whereas the scyphozoans (jellyfish) and cubozoans (box jellies) are swimming forms.